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Parasitic Worm Infections: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Learn about common tissue and nematode infections such as Toxocara canis, Trichinella spiralis, and Dracunculus medinensis, their life cycles, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment options.

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Parasitic Worm Infections: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  2. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Tissues nematodes

  3. Commen tissue nematodes Toxocara canis(dog round worm) larvae in organs (liver, brain, eye) causingvisceral larva migrans.imp Trichinella spiralisAdult in small intestine Larva in tissue (mainly in muscles)

  4. Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm) adult female in SC tissues. • Filarial worm: (adult worm + microfilaria)

  5. Filarial worms • Onchocerca volvulus Adults in SC swellings ,Microfilaria mainly in skin, in eye causing River blindness. • Wucheraria bancrofti, Burgia malayi& B.timori :Lymphatic filariasis (adult in lymphatic ,and microfilaria in blood • Loa loa adult in sc and subconjanctival tissues,causing calabar swelling • microfilaria inblood

  6. Toxocara canis

  7. Toxocara canis • Similar to human ascaris but with alternative pathways. Larvae do not develop to adult in human but migrate continuously in viscera and encapsulate causing tissue damage. (parasitic granuloma)

  8. Many puppies are born infected with T. canis. • T. canis and T. cati may cause visceral larvaemigrans in children who eat soil contaminated with (embyronated) infected eggs.

  9. LIFE CYCLE

  10. Toxocara canis

  11. Pathology Eosinophalia, hepatomegaly, retinitis. Diagnosis :serology, biopsy. Treatment :albendazole

  12. Trichinella spiralis

  13. LIFE CYCLE

  14. A given host can be definitive or intermediate but both carnivores to complete cycle rat pig Humans are infected by eating raw or undercooked infected pork Infected flesh is digested by gastric juice,larvae set free and develop to adults in duodenum .gravid female burrow into mucosa and releases larvae which enter circulation and disseminated through out the body Dissemination through blood and lymph LIFE CYCLE Encysted larva in muscle

  15. Pathology: • Adults – mild gastroenteritis (nausea, dysentery, colic). • Larvae -fever, pain in muscles ( myositis), swelling, - nervous ,pulmonary and cardiac disorders.

  16. Diagnosis - by muscle biopsy (microscopic observation), - serology. • Treatment: Albendazole or mebendazole+corticosteroids

  17. Management: • Prevention – -cook meat thoroughly (pigs), -cook garbage fed to pigs, -salting will not kill juveniles, proper freezing will. • Relieve symptoms with analgesics and corticosteroids (albadazole)

  18. Wucheraria bancrofti

  19. M.F in blood film • Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi • Disease - filariasis, elephantiasis

  20. LIFE CYCLE

  21. Worms restrict normal flow oflymph and result in swelling, fibrosis and eventually secondary infections in the affected tissues (usually legs and groin).

  22. Lymphatic filariasis Mainly caused by W.bancrofti, due to adult worms obstructing lymphatic. - Acute : lymphadedenitis, lymphatic varices. - Chronic : lymphedema, hydrocele, chyluria.

  23. Diagnosis: detection of m.f.in blood in early stage of disease -Blood film , -Knott`s method (concentration of 1ml of blood) best at 10 pm to 2 am (nocturnal periodicity). • Treatment: diethylcabamazine (DEC) or ivermectin

  24. Onchocerca volvulus

  25. No periodicity 1 Eye involvement 2 Onch. tumor 3 dermatitis 4 lymphadanopathy LIFE CYCLE

  26. Pathology: • Nodules consisting of collagen fibers surrounding one to several adult worms . • An allergic dermatitis from toxins released after m.f. die in skin. • Blindness following invasion of cornea by m.f. It takes many year to develop, victim are over 40 year.

  27. inflammation with the loss of tissue elasticity can lead to protruding lymphglands folded in pockets of skin. This condition is especially prominent in the areas around the scrotum (often called the 'hanging groin' effect) and in severe cases is classified as minor elephantiasis

  28. Management: • surgery to remove the nodules. • Drug therapy kills adults and causes slow disappearance of m.f. • Control black flies.(Simulium). Diagnosis by skin snips it is bloodless snips.

  29. skin snips

  30. Loa loa • Common name - eye worm • Disease - loiasis, loaiasis

  31. Intermediate host is deer fly (Chrysops). • Diurnal periodicity. • In Africa.

  32. LIFE CYCLE Diurnal periodicity

  33. Pathology: • Adult tend to wonder through s/c connective tissues • Calabar swelling appear when worms still on and disappear when worm move". • Adult migrate through conjunctiva and cornea causing conjunctivitis with swelling of orbit. (eye worm)

  34. Diagnosis • Is by finding m.f.in blood during day time (diurnal periodicity). Treatment • Surgical removal of swellings. • Chemotherapy diethyl-carbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin

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