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Reading & Exam

Reading & Exam. Zeid: Chapter 9: XHTML Essential p. 241-298 Read before EXAM 1 Exam is Monday Oct. 25 th Review on Friday Oct. 22 nd. Agenda. Three definitions of a web page Website vs. web page HTML vs. XHTML XHTML document structure Important HTML tags.

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Reading & Exam

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  1. Reading & Exam • Zeid: Chapter 9: XHTML Essential • p. 241-298 • Read before EXAM 1 • Exam is Monday Oct. 25th • Review on Friday Oct. 22nd

  2. Agenda • Three definitions of a web page • Website vs. web page • HTML vs. XHTML • XHTML document structure • Important HTML tags

  3. Three definitions of a web page Document View. • The easiest way to define a web page is to think of a web page as a single HTML document. • For instance, in your public_html folder there may be two web pages • index.html • style.html

  4. Three definitions of a web page Browser Display View • The Document View does NOT necessarily define a web page • Web pages can include images and data that are stored separately from the HTML document. • Perhaps a better definition is to consider a web page to be all of the content that is visible in a web browser when a page is displayed.

  5. Three definitions of a web page URL View • The Browser Display View does NOT necessarily define a web page either • Web pages can include meta tags and other information that is never displayed. • Also, web browsers display content differently. • Another definition of a web page: All of the content that is potentially available at a URL.

  6. Three definitions of a web page A Fourth View (combination of the three) • The URL view implies that a simple .gif or .jpg file would be considered a web page. • That’s OK in general, but I won’t count that as a web page in this course. • Fourth Definition: An HTML document that is available via a URL, including any content that can potentially be displayed when opening the URL in a Web Browser. • If the URL changes consider it a different web page.

  7. Website vs. web page Link Definition: • A collection of web pages that are connected via hyperlinks • One of my web pages links to RPI’s website. Does that mean that my website and RPI’s website are the same?

  8. Website vs. web page Server Definition: • A collection of web pages that are stored on the same web server. • But, some websites (www.yahoo.com) have content that is stored on multiple servers • However, the URL is always the same

  9. Website vs. web page URL Definition: • A collection of web pages that are available via the same URL Domain. • Example: www.cs.siena.edu/ • But, my Bea Arthur Tribute has nothing to do with Computer Science and Siena College.

  10. Website vs. web page Content Definition: • A collection of inter-connected web pages devoted to a particular topic or concept, where each page is authored by a particular person or group of people. • This definition is my favorite.

  11. HTML vs. XHTML • HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language • The concept of hypertext was invented in 1968. • HTML was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. • HTML is a set of syntax (tags) for annotating documents on the WWW. • Web browsers simply interpret the syntax. • HTML is a subset of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) • SGML was a general syntax for annotating any kind of document (IBM 1960’s)

  12. HTML vs. XHTML • XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. • XML is also a subset of SGML that is designed to be more useful. • XML is basically a set of syntax for defining tags. • Thus, you can use XML do define your own markup tags for any kind of document. • XML is used extensively so that different systems can share data and documents.

  13. HTML vs. XHTML • To enhance HTML, The WorldWide Consortium (www.w3c.org) modified HTML to conform to the XML standards. • XHTML is simply HTML code that conforms to the XML standards. • Page 247 describes how XHTML syntax is different than HTML syntax. • Before we can learn about these differences we will learn about HTML.

  14. HTML Document Structure <html>Everything in here will be interpreted as an html document </html>

  15. HTML Document Structure <html><head>Title, meta information, style sheet links, javascript code...</head><body>Visible body of the web page.</body> </html>

  16. XHTML Document Structure <?xml version=“1.0” blaa blaa> <!DOCTYPE html blaa blaa> <html xmlns=blaa blaa><head>Title, meta information, style sheet links, javascript code...</head><body>Visible body of the web page.</body> </html>

  17. <head> Tag <head> <title>Displayed in Title Bar</title> <meta name=“author” content=“Eric Breimer”> <meta name=“description” content=“The best marmot website on earth!” <meta name=“keywords” content=“marmots, beavers, wood chucks”> </head>

  18. <body> Tag • The body tag has a lot of attributes <body background=“filename”bgcolor=“#FF00FF”leftmargin=“0”onLoad=“some JavaScript function”onResize=“another JavaScript function”> </body> • How many attributes are there?

  19. <p> Tag • Defines a paragraph • Using CSS styles you can redefine the indent <p span=“cssStyle”>Here you can give a paragraph a text style. </p> • You can never redefine the blank line created by a new paragraph.

  20. <h1> Tag • <h1></h1> Header 1 24pt • <h2></h2> Header 2 18pt • <h3></h3> Header 3 14pt • CSS styles have made these obsolete

  21. Other Text Formatting Tags • <b> Bold </b> • <i> Italic </i> • <em> Emphasis </em> • Same as <i> on most browsers • <strong> Bolder </strong> • Same as <b> on most browsers • <small>Smaller Font</small> • Font size depends on browser (8-10pt) • May not be smaller if you’re already using 10pt font

  22. Other Text Formatting Tags • <blockquote> </blockquote> • This is how DreamWeaver controls indenting • However, its NOT like a tab • <code> <code> • diplayed withfixed-width font • what is a fixed-width font anyway? • <pre> </pre> • displayed verbatim w/ fixed-width font • counts white-space and new lines • <div></div> • just like <p> but does not create a blank line • more robust than <br> because you can specify alignment

  23. Single Tags • <br> • Line break • <hr> • Horizontal rule • Can change color, size, width, shading, etc. • Won’t properly display in DreamWeaver • <img src=“filename”> • Image is inserted (native size) • If you specify a different size the browser is responsible for re-scaling • Many optional attributes

  24. XHTML Requirement • HTML allows single tags • i.e., <hr> • XML requires every tag to be closed with • Start tag <tagname> (Tag is opened) • End tag </tagname> (Tag is closed) • Single tags must be closed. • i.e., <hr/> (Open and closed in one tag).

  25. Special Characters • &#code • 2 to 4 digit code is used • See tables 9.3-9.5 on page 259 • A picture is worth a thousand words. • Some special characters have non-numeric codes • i.e., &nbsp • Many of these don’t work unless the browser has an extended character set plug-in installed.

  26. Anchor Tag • <a href=“URL”>Actual Link</a> • Standard hyperlink to webpage • <a name=“label”> • Places an anchor in a document • <a href=“#label> • Hyperlink to the label • Intra-document link • Somewhat obsolete. Why?

  27. Lists • Ordered Lists (numbered) <ol> <li>list item1</li> <li>list item2</li> <li>list item3</li> </ol> • Unordered Lists (bulleted) <ul></ul> • Can be nested; Example

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