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”Advantages and concerns with CTF : a donor perspective” IUCN World Conservation Congress

”Advantages and concerns with CTF : a donor perspective” IUCN World Conservation Congress Barcelona, October 7, 2008. Yoko Watanabe Program Manager, Senior Biodiversity Specialist Global Environment Facility ywatanabe@thegef.org. Julien CALAS Biodiversity Senior Program Officer,

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”Advantages and concerns with CTF : a donor perspective” IUCN World Conservation Congress

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  1. ”Advantages and concerns with CTF : a donor perspective” IUCN World Conservation Congress Barcelona, October 7, 2008 Yoko Watanabe Program Manager, Senior Biodiversity Specialist Global Environment Facility ywatanabe@thegef.org Julien CALAS Biodiversity Senior Program Officer, Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial calasj@afd.fr

  2. Advantages of Conservation Trust Fund (CTF) • For several decades now, biodiversity conservation projects in Africa have continued to rehabilitate national park systems. • Most protected areas don’t have sustainable financing plans : after rehabilitation projects, most of them are becoming progressively degraded. • National budgets are most of the time not sufficient due to other development priorities… • Ecotourism can’t finance all protected areas (remote areas, landscapes & flora versus flagship fauna like elephants…)

  3. Advantages of Conservation Trust Fund (CTF) • Considering financing GAPs for securing sustainable management of most of the protected areas : Sustainable financing gap for several parks in West Africa:

  4. Advantages of Conservation Trust Fund (CTF) This is empirical perception, no real ex-post evaluation proving this in Africa… 6,8 M € 6 M € 3,6 M € 4 M € Could provide some unique answers to THE PENDING DEAD END

  5. Advantages of Conservation Trust Fund (CTF) 1. Sustainable financing solution (recurrent costs, predictable,…) 2. Build national capacities, local reaction to changes, and broad stakeholder participation leading to transparent decision-making and strengthening of civil society; 3. Can plan for the long-term because independent of changes in government and shifts in political priorities; 4. Compliance with international recommendations for aid effectiveness (Ownership, Alignment, Harmonization); 5. A vehicle to collect and secure greater private contributions for biodiversity conservation.

  6. Concerns with Conservation Trust Fund (CTF) 1. Mobilize huge amounts of ODA

  7. Concerns with Conservation Trust Fund (CTF) 2. CTFs are financing operating costs while ODA is supposed to finance investment (economic orthodoxy) 3. CTFs are exposed to market volatility and possible loss of capital (>CTF investment study); 4. Few (insufficient) documented impact on biodiversity; 5. Building CTF is a long term capacity building process (costly) 6. Question on securing the funds, ensuring governance : donor agencies are not able to follow up on such long-term investments and ensure accountability for the use of public funds..

  8. GEF’s Involvement in Conservation Trust Funds • One of the pioneer and largest supporter for Conservation Trust Funds (CTFs). • More than $300M (For LAC and Africa regions, about 20% of total funds). • Invested in more than 26 CTFs. Many in LAC, and increasing in Africa. • Over 340 PAs benefited (more than 1/3 of all PAs GEF supported).

  9. Appropriate policies and laws to enable PAs to manage the entire revenue stream. Business plan that include diverse funding sources. Capacity building of responsible agencies. Full recognition of the support to PA mgmt made by communities in and around the PA. GEF’s Experience on Sustainable Finance of PA

  10. Tools and Revenue Mechanisms • Conservation Trust Funds • Payment for Ecosystem Services • Easements • Dept for nature swaps • Other mechanisms

  11. Lessons Learned • Country ownership • Focus on protected areas system • Cofinancing & changing role of GEF • Innovation - new funding mechanisms (PES, fees, etc) • Monitoring impact at program and project levels

  12. Future Directions • GEF’s continued interest on sustainable financing of PA system, including conservation trust funds, as a key focus of the biodiversity program. • A more strategic and results oriented approach at the PA system level. • Emphasis on partnership, particularly private sector.

  13. Conclusions CTFs provide a complementary tool (out of project, program or direct budget support approaches) to donors willing to invest in sustainable financing of biodiversity conservation. Exchange of experiences starts to provide interesting results. Although 15 years of experience, some questions remain on effectiveness of CTF (biodiversity impact, governance quality, comparative advantages…). CTF remain “pilot experiences” for numerous donors. > Learning together through CFA reviews…

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