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Development

VS. Development. Chapter 9 By: Janessa Polanco , Olivia Parra, Fiona Dam, & Juan Garcia. Case Study: Bangladesh’s Development Challenges. Many couples give birth to an overabundance of children in order to support family.

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Development

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  1. VS Development Chapter 9 By: JanessaPolanco, Olivia Parra, Fiona Dam, & Juan Garcia

  2. Case Study: Bangladesh’s Development Challenges • Many couples give birth to an overabundance of children in order to support family. • There is no health care to treat things like tuberculosis, or to almost guarantee a live birth. • Compared, to the U.S. where the average income is $4000 a month, the average working household gets around $16, barely enough to supply the minimum amount of food.

  3. MDC LDC • 20 students/ 1 teacher • 98% literacy rate • life span: 70 • Infant Mortality Rate: <.5% • NIR: 0.2% • CBR: 12 to 1000 • 30 students/ 1 teacher • 60% literacy rate • life span: 60 if survived first 5 years • Infant Mortality Rate: 6% • NIR: 1.5% • CBR: 23 to 1000

  4. VS Sub-Saharan Africa United States

  5. How HDI is Calculated • You classify a country by selecting oneeconomic factor,  two social factors, and one demographic factor. Then from there a team of analysts best reveal a country’s level of development: • Economic factor:GDP (gross domestic product) per capita • Social factors: literacy rate and amount of education • Demographic factor: life expectancy

  6. Brandt Line

  7. Economic Sectors three-sector hypothesis:common system of division of major economic activities into: primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors ↛ primary:acquiring of natural resources and raw materials ■ wood, steel, coal ■ industries such as forestry, fishing, and farming ↛ secondary:production/processing of merchandise ■ homes, devices, vehicles, pottery, building structures                ↛ tertiary: offered services ■ real estate agents, management, financial assistance

  8. Theories and Models of Economic Development ↛ Harrod-Domar Growth Model - economy’s growth rate: ■ amount of saving/efficiency of investment ■ net investment leads to more capital accumulation, which generates higher output and income. ↛ Lewis Structural Change Model - dual economy: ■ models the change of capitalist and subsistence sectors ■ higher incomes generate savings/more savings mean more fund available for investment.

  9. Gender-Related Development Index According to the UN gender inequality exists in every country in favor of males, some more than others.

  10. How GDI is calculated • Economic indicator of gender differences: Per capita female income as a percentage of per capita male income. • Social indicators of gender differences:# of females enrolled in school compared to males and % of of literate females: % of literate males • Demographic indicator of gender differences:life expectancy of females to males

  11. Self-Sufficiency Self-Sufficiency: “Balanced equally. Equal economy, reduce poverty, isolate businesses to help, barriers limit imports, restrict local business” -quizlet Purpose? “Under self-sufficiency, incomes in the countryside keep pace with those in the city, and reducing poverty takes precedence over encouraging a few people to become wealthy consumers.”

  12. How Self-Sufficiency is Promoted • Taxes: also known as tariffs are placed on imported items so they are not easily affordable • Quotas:used to limit the quantity of imported goods • Licenses:required to restrict # of legal importers

  13. Millennium Development Goals • End poverty and hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Promote gender equality • Reduce child mortality • Improve maternal health • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases • Ensure environmental stability • Develop a global partnership for development

  14. Vocabulary • fair trade: products are made and traded according to standards that protect workers and small businesses in LDCs • productivity:the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it • value added:the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy

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