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Population Ecology Introduction (Chap. 9) A. Examples: The scope of population ecology

Delve into the dynamics of populations, from growth rates to demographics, and human impact on ecological systems. Learn about distribution patterns, density, and survival curves.

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Population Ecology Introduction (Chap. 9) A. Examples: The scope of population ecology

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  1. Population Ecology • Introduction (Chap. 9) • A. Examples: The scope of population ecology • B. Definitions and properties • Terms: population, distribution, abundance, density, age structure, growth rate, demographics • II. Growth rates: intrinsic rates of increase (Ch. 11) • A. Geometric growth • B. Exponential growth • C. Logistic growth

  2. Definitions Population: a group of individuals of the same species occupying a particular space at the same time.

  3. www.smalltownproject.org/ This is our world http://www.nhm.ac.uk U.S. 306,560,607World 6,783,691,06914:44 GMT (EST+5) Jun 01, 2009

  4. Climatic change Pollution http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/ http://www.oceansatlas.org/ http://library.thinkquest.org/ http://www.ourworldfoundation.org.uk/polar.jpg Molles 2007 Global changes Overharvest Species invasions Land use change - type - intensity Loss of biodiversity

  5. Questions Will exponential growth continue indefinitely? How will population distribution change with time? How many people can the Earth hold? - What’s the carrying capacity for Earth? - At what standard of living? http://www.fpsoftlab.com/images/screenshots/earth-640x480-2.jpg

  6. Properties of a population: Distribution - over what area is the population found. This includes: Abundance – how many total individuals Density - how many individuals in the same area at the same time

  7. Population Growth Growth rate: how many individuals are gained (birth and immigration) minus how many are lost (death and emigration). - what is happening to the net population size. Age structure: how many individuals in different age categories, usually related to reproduction http://www.nhm.ac.uk Taylor and Southard. 1997. http://www.ocs.orst.edu/reports/climate_fish.html

  8. Other terms Demographics covers the basic statistical information about a population: age structure, density, births, deaths, growth, and reproduction.

  9. ECOLOGY OF POPULATIONS • Properties of populations • Patterns of distribution and density • Intraspecific competition • Population dynamics • Growth and regulation • Altering population growth • Human impact

  10. Growth Curves

  11. Human Population

  12. Survival Curves • Survivorshipis the percentage of remaining survivors of a population over time; usually shown graphically. Type I survivorship curve: most individuals live out their life span and die of old age (e.g., humans). Type II survivorship curve: individuals die at a constant rate (e.g., birds, rodents, and perennial plants). Type III survivorship curve: most individuals die early in life (e.g., fishes, invertebrates, and plants).

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