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Agenda

Agenda. REMINDER: Lab Report is due NEXT WEEK 10 more Microworlds entries due in 2 weeks!! Will have time to work on it next week Today, we may be doing lab 8 and 9a. Exercise 2: Transcription, Translation, Mutation Practice. Second base. C. A. U. G. UAU. U. UCU. UUU. UGU. Cys.

larissa-sherman
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Agenda

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  1. Agenda • REMINDER: Lab Report is due NEXT WEEK • 10 more Microworlds entries due in 2 weeks!! Will have time to work on it next week • Today, we may be doing lab 8 and 9a.

  2. Exercise 2: Transcription, Translation, Mutation Practice Second base C A U G UAU U UCU UUU UGU Cys Phe Tyr C UAC UGC UCC UUC Ser U UUA UCA Stop A A UAA Stop UGA • Follow directions • Remember base-pairing rules: • DNA  DNA • DNA  RNA • Remember how to use this table Leu G UGG Trp UCG UUG Stop UAG U CAU CCU CUU CGU His CUC C CCC CGU CAC Leu Pro Arg C A CUA CCA CAA CGA Gln G CUG CGG CCG CAG First base Third base U AUU ACU AAU AGU Ser Asn AUC lle C ACC AAC AGC Thr A A AUA ACA AGA AAA Arg Lys Met or start G AUG AAG ACG AGG U GUU GCU GAU GGU Asp C GUC GCC GAC GGC G Val Gly Ala A GCA GUA GAA GGA Glu GUG GCG G GAG GGG GAG

  3. Part 3: Cell Cycle and Mitosis • Read background in lab carefully • We will go over this info in lecture

  4. Cell Cycle: • Interphase: G1, S, G2 • Cell may renter cell cycle or leave cell cycle (G0) • DNA replicated in S • Nuclear division =Mitosis • Cell division =cytokinesis G2 S Mitosis G1 Cytokinesis G0

  5. MITOSIS ANIMATION Actual MITOSIS photography

  6. Part 3: Cell Cycle and Mitosis • CELL CYCLE = entire life of cell, including division • Interphase = not dividing • Mitosis = nuclear division • Cytokinesis = cell division

  7. Interphase (before Mitosis) • EVENTS: • G1: Cell grows and prepares to copy DNA • S: Cell copies its DNA • G2: Cell prepares to divide • APPEARANCE: • Chromatin (DNA) not condensed into chromosomes – WHY? • Nuclear envelope present

  8. MITOTIC PHASES • Mitosis • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis

  9. Prophase EVENTS: 1. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes 2. Chromatids visible 3. Nuclear envelope dissolves 4. Centrioles (Spindle fibers) move to opposite poles APPEARANCE: • Nucleus looks blotchy (chromosomes) • Nuclear envelope dissolves

  10. Metaphase EVENTS: • Chromosomes line up in center of cell APPEARANCE: • Dark chromosomes lined up in center of cell • No nucleus

  11. Anaphase EVENTS: 1. Spindle fibers shorten 2. Chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of cell APPEARANCE: • Two sets of chromosomes visibly separated from each other

  12. Telophase EVENTS: 1. Chromosomes unwind 2. New nuclear envelope reforms APPEARANCE: • Two dark areas of chromatin present at opposite ends

  13. Cytokinesis EVENTS: • Animals: Daughter cells pinch apart at cleavage furrow • Plants: Cell plate forms in center of cell APPEARANCE: • Two new (usually smaller) cells form

  14. Cell Division in Plants Plants differ from animals • Plant cells have no centrioles • Plant cells differ in Cytokinesis: • a cell wall forms between the dividing cells • called a cell plate

  15. Mitosis Review

  16. Part 3: Mitosis • Modeling Mitosis with Playdoh • Observing mitosis in plant cell slides • Practice you’ll do this on a quiz • Estimating time spent in each phase

  17. Part 3: Mitosis C. Estimating time spent in each phase • Identify the phase for 25 cells • Get 3 other people’s data (100 cells total) • Calculate the percent time spent in each phase • (If you have 5 cells/100 in metaphase, then the cells spend ~5% of the time in metaphase.)

  18. Part 1: DNA Extraction • You can extract DNA from practically everything • Strawberries, peas, your lab partner’s brain!

  19. 1. Make lysis buffer • Add Water • Add Detergent • To extract DNA, we need to dissolve the membranes • Why not the cell wall?

  20. 1. Make lysis buffer • Water • Detergent • Add Salt • Causes proteins and carbohydrates to precipitate out of solution • We only want DNA

  21. 2. DNA extraction • Since your lab partner may object to your isolating brain DNA, we’ll use strawberries • Squash strawberry to increase the surface area exposed to detergent • It simply makes smaller pieces

  22. 2. DNA extraction • Add lysis buffer and continue squashing

  23. 2. DNA extraction • Filter mixture through filter paper • The DNA will be in the filtrate solution you capture

  24. 2. DNA extraction • Pour ice-cold alcohol (equal volume to strawberry filtrate) down side of tube to precipitate DNA • Keep it cold!

  25. 2. DNA extraction • DNA is is not soluble in alcohol and will precipitate out of solution • It will appear like slimy snot between the alcohol-water interphase

  26. Home DNA Extraction • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2809_genome.html • http://biology.about.com/c/ht/00/07/How_Extract_DNA_Human0962932481.htm

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