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InterNet 簡介

InterNet 簡介. 主講人：柯皓仁 國立交通大學計算機中心 分機： 52807 E-mail : claven@cc.nctu.edu.tw 問題諮詢： consult@cc.nctu.edu.tw. 時程表. Introduction To Internet Domain Name & Internet Address The Basic Services of Internet Your First Steps on Internet Advanced Services of Internet. Introduction to Internet.

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InterNet 簡介

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  1. InterNet 簡介 主講人：柯皓仁 國立交通大學計算機中心 分機：52807 E-mail : claven@cc.nctu.edu.tw 問題諮詢：consult@cc.nctu.edu.tw

  2. 時程表 • Introduction To Internet • Domain Name & Internet Address • The Basic Services of Internet • Your First Steps on Internet • Advanced Services of Internet

  3. Introduction to Internet What is a network? What is Internet A Brief History of Internet

  4. What is The Internet? • A network of networks • A large collection of independent networks, all of which run TCP/IP, that are tied together.

  5. NSFNET The Internet APARNET TANET Other NETS MILNET

  6. What can Internet Do for Users? • Communication • Electronic Mail • I-Phone • Learning and Discussing tool • BBS • Usenet • Collecting information • Library Searching • Entertainment • MUD • Commercial • On-Line Order

  7. Domain Name & IP Address

  8. IP Address • A way to identify uniquely an area of the Net or an computer on the Net • Consists of 4 digits, each of which ranges from0 to 255 (usually 1-254), separated by dot(.) • 140.113.1.1 • 140 : Taiwan • 113 : NCTU • If you want to connect your computer to Inter-net, ask your network manager for an IP address

  9. Domain Name System (DNS) 140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw Internet NCTU CC CCSUN1 EDU TW

  10. Domain Name System(DNS) • A symbolic name for an IP-address (machine) • A domain: an organization level within Internet • Domains can be connected together (by dot (.)) to create a unique identifier. • left to right: most specific to most general • Top-level : organizational or geographic • ask your network manager for your domain Name(FQDN, Full Qualified Domain Name)

  11. Top Organization Domains

  12. Top Geographic Domains

  13. TANet Domain tw edu.tw nctu.edu.tw cc.nctu.edu.tw nthu.edu.tw cis.nctu.edu.tw csie.nctu.edu.tw ntu.edu.tw gov.tw net.tw ..... ..... org.tw com.tw

  14. Hostname VS Domainname 140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw NCTU CC CCSUN1 EDU TW • ccsun1 is the hostname of 140.113.4.1 • ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw is the domainname(FQDN) of 140.113.4.1 • When you connect to a machine within the same domain, you can just use that machine's hostname

  15. The Basic Service of Internet Virtual Terminal Service (telnet) File Transfer Service (ftp) E-Mail Service (SMTP)

  16. Virtual Terminal Service (telnet) • Work as if you are on host • Use Resources and Services of host $telnet hostTrying...Connected to hostEscape Character is '^]'host's O.S. Version(host) login: <--- UserNamepasswd: <--- Password$ ........................................................$logoutConnection closed by foreign host. ............................................... Come back to Local

  17. File Transfer Service (ftp) $ftp hostConnected to host. 220 host FTP server readyName(host:username): Password:User username logged in.ftp> ftp> quit (Come back to the local) Enter your username/password OK. Connect to FTP Server. You can get or put files now.

  18. File Transfer Service (ftp) (Cont.) • Use get command to copy file(s) from the remote host.ftp> get <remote_file> • Use putcommand to copy local file(s) to theremote host.ftp> put <local_file> • You can use cd, ls,....,etc. as in UNIX • Use ? in the 'ftp>' prompt to get help • You should be a user of the remote host to get/put files

  19. Anonymous FTP • Some hosts on Internet are set up in a way thatyou can use file transfer service to get publicdomain utilities without an account on it. $ftp hostConnected to host. 220 host FTP server readyName(host:username): anonymous/ftpPassword:claven@cc.nctu.edu.tw (E-mail)ftp> Do as normal ftp

  20. FTP Exercise • Anonymous FTP between PC and a serverd:\> ftp nctuccca.nctu.edu.twlogin: ftppassword: claven@cc.nctu.edu.twftp> pwdftp> binaryftp> cd /NCTU/SLIP-Serviceftp> lsftp> get slippr13.zipftp> quit

  21. FTP Exercise (Cont.) • Transfer files by your accountd:\> ftp ccsunxxlogin: YOUR USERNAME • password: YOUR PASSWORDftp> lcd d:\ftp>? lcdftp> asciiftp>? asciiftp> get .cshrc cshrc.nodftp> quit

  22. Electronic Mail (SMTP) • You can use Mail (BSD), mailx(SV), or elm tosend your electronic letter to a remote user. • Mail user@host < letter.txt • You send a file named letter.txt created in advance. • host should be a domain name unless you and the user are within the same domain. • Mail user@host • Enter your Subject and your message, and pressCTRL-D to complete the input of your message.

  23. Your First Steps on Internet How to display the status of machines How to check if a host is currently Available How to list the users logged on to a system How to talk to other users

  24. Using the rup command • The function of the rup command: • Display the status of the machines within the same subnet • rup • rup <hostname>

  25. Using the ping Command • The function of the ping command • Tell you if a remote computer is currently available on the network. • ping <domainname> : Display a short message • ping -s <domainname> : Also show the performance of the link between you and the remote host • Use Ctrl-C to end the ping -s command.

  26. Using the rusers/ku Command • Use rusers/ku to display the users logged into the systems within the same subnet. • rusers • rusers <hostname>

  27. Using the talk command • The function of the talk command: • Let you make a on-line conversation with other users • talk <username>@<domainname> • Use Ctrl-C to terminate conversation. • Using the mesg • mesg y : allow the talk request • mesg n : reject the talk request • mesg : display the current mesg setup • Other version of talk: • ctalk : Can use Chinese • ytalk : Can talk with users on the systems not using UNIX • cytalk: Can use Chinese

  28. Example of talk Jami on ccsun2 want to talk with freddy Step1: Use rusers to find if freddy is logged ontosome sysytem. Step2: Ah, freddy is on ccsun1 Step3: talk freddy@ccsun1 The message shown on my screen Message from Talk_Daemon@ccsun2 at 16:00 talk: connection requested by jami@ccsun2 talk: respond with: talk jami@ccsun2 • freddy can issue talk jami@ccsun2 to beginthe on-line conversation with jami

  29. Advanced Services of Internet Usenet News Gopher BBS WWW

  30. Usenet News • A collection of discussion groups that serves as a giant bulletin board. • You can obtain the information you want from News. • You can post a questions to the News and get your answer. • You can respond your opinion on some topic or answer the question asked by others. • Use the tin command to read Usenet News • As a novice user, Please use your eyes more than your fingers.

  31. Gopher • Gopher is an information retrieval system that let you search information from all around the world. • Use the gopher command to enter the gopher system

  32. BBS (Bulletin Board System) • Integrate a few of network services as a whole system. • Post and read of bulletin board (similar to news) • Electronic Mail • Talk • Retrieve files • .... • Use telnet <BBS-Server> and follow the direction to enter BBS

  33. WWW (World-Wide Web) • WWW is a multi-media, hyper-text information providing system. • On PC Windows 95/NT • Use netscape or mosaic to browse WWW • On Workstation X-windows Screen • Use netscape or mosaic to browse WWW

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