Nuclear Science & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade

1. The next decade presents NP with a historic opportunity to build on this legacy in developing the “new Standard Model” The value of our contribution will be broadly recognized outside the field Nuclear physics studies of ns & fundamental symmetries played an essential role in developing & confirming the Standard Model Our role has been broadly recognized within and beyond NP Nuclear Science & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade Solar ns & the neutrino revolution Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics Michael Ramsey-Musolf, NSAC March, 2007

2. Community Input • Pre-Town Meetings: Santa Fe Nov 2006 Caltech Dec 2006 • DNP Town Meeting Chicago Jan 2007 • White paper (merging two) Substantial work by the organizing committee

3. Scientific Questions, Achievements & Challenges

4. What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? 0nbb decay, q13, b decay,… • Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, 0nbb, q13 … • What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, gm-2,… Tribble report Primary Scientific Questions

5. Tribble report Related Scientific Questions • What is the internal landscape of the proton? PVES, hadronic PV, n scattering,… • What causes stars to explode? Large scale supernova simulations, n flavor transformation… • What is the origin of the heavy elements from iron to uranium? Weak interactions and n interactions in heavy nuclei,…

6. Scientific Achievements • Discovery of flavor oscillations in solar neutrinos; Solution of the solar neutrino problem; 1300+ citations • Discovery of flavor oscillations in reactor neutrinos; Identification of LMA solution; over 1000 citations • World’s most precise measurement of (gm-2) Possible first indications of supersymmetry; over 1000 citations • Most precise measurement of sin2qW off the Z0 resonance using PV Moller scattering; constrains new physics at the TeV scale (Z’, RPV SUSY…)

7. Scientific Achievements • Definitive determinations of strange quark contributions to nucleon EM form factors using PV electron-proton & electron-nucleus scattering; confirmed theoretical estimates of hadronic effects in electroweak radiative corrections • Quark-lepton universality tested to 0.05% using superallowed nuclear b-decay, yielding most precise value of any CKM matrix element (Vud) 2006 Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics recognizing work of Towner & Hardy

8. Scientific Achievements • Completion of a comprehensive set of computations of supersymmetric effects in low-energy electroweak observables; 2005 Dissertation Award in Nuclear Physics to A. Kurylov • Reduction in the theoretical hadronic uncertainty in extraction of Vud from neutron and nuclear b-decay • New theoretical breakthroughs in simulating neutrino flavor transformation in supernovae; modeling n flavor transformation effects nucleosynthesis with SN’s; understanding weak interaction effects in SN shock dynamics

9. Scientific Achievements • Development of a EFT treatments of parity violation in the nucleon-nucleon interaction that will guide the future experimental program at the SNS and NIST • Reduction in theoretical uncertainty in QRPA computations of 0nbb decay matrix elements • Substantial technical developments opening the way for searches for the permanent EDMs of the neutron, neutral atoms, deuteron and electron with 2-4 orders of magnitude greater sensitivity

10. Technological Achievements & Investments b-decay:Neutrino Mass KATRIN, NexTex, MARE… Total Lepton Number & Neutrino Mass Term 0nbb-decay Majorana CUORE EXO GERDA

11. Technological Achievements & Investments Multi-purpose Facility DUSEL

12. Technological Achievements & Investments Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at SNS 1.4 MW , 1 GeV H- beam on L Hg Also new capabilities at LANSCE, NIST… Muon storage ring at BNL ISAAC, RIAcino…. CEBAF 12 GeV Up-grade

13. Two frontiers in the search for new physics Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ) Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision Large Hadron Collider Ultra cold neutrons CERN Particle, nuclear & atomic physics High energy physics Challenges: What role can low energy studies play in the LHC era ? (and beyond!)

14. Scientific Opportunities • Major Discovery Potential: 0nbb-decay & EDM • Precision measurements Neutrino mixing & hierarchy Weak decays, PVES, gm-2 • Electroweak probes of QCD PVES, Hadronic PV, nN scatt…

15. “Known Unknowns” Cosmic Energy Budget Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) The Origin of Matter & Energy Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos? WIMPy D.M.: Related to baryogenesis? “New gravity”? Lorentz violation? Grav baryogen ? ?

16. Long baseline b-decay ? ? 0nbb-Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana

17. Yale, Indiana, Amherst ANL, Princeton, TRIUMF… SNS, ILL, PSI CKM fdSM dexp dfuture BNL Also 225Ra, 129Xe, d If new EWK CP violation is responsible for abundance of matter, will these experiments see an EDM? EDM Probes of New CP Violation

18. dn similar Theory progress & challenge: refined computations of baryon asymmetry & EDMs baryogenesis LHC reach LHC reach ILC reach LEP II excl Present de Present de Present de Prospective de Prospective de Prospective de Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders

19. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Precision Probes of New Symmetries New Symmetries Origin of Matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos

20. Daya Bay Mini Boone Precision Neutrino Property Studies Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV Long baseline oscillation studies: CPV? Normal or Inverted ?

21. High energy solar ns DM + EWB Ice Cube KamLAND Borexino SNO+ LENS Precision Neutrino Property Studies Solar Neutrinos

22. Correlations SUSY models Vud from neutron decay: LANSCE, SNS, NIST Similarly unique probes of new physics in muon and pion decay TRIUMF & PSI CKM, (g-2)m, MW, Mt Non (V-A) x (V-A) interactions: me/E SUSY SNS, NIST, LANSCE, RIA? Weak decays & new physics

23. JLab Future SLAC Moller Z0 pole tension Parity-violating electron scattering Scale-dependence of Weak Mixing Weak Mixing in the Standard Model

24. RPV: No SUSY DM Majorana n s SUSY Loops d QWP, SUSY / QWP, SM d QWe, SUSY / QWe, SM gm-2 12 GeV 6 GeV E158 Probing SUSY with PV Electron Scattering

25. p g Z m m Had VP Had LbL QED Weak SUSY Loops SM Loops Future goal Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment

26. Recommendations

27. Resources

28. Total: $514m Project Funding for Neutrinos and Fundamental Symmetries

29. Total: $300m DUSEL Funding Candidates

30. Total: $214m Non-DUSEL Projects

31. Equivalent to a major new initiative: • “New Standard Model Initiative” (NSMI) • ~ $750m over 10+ years • One major new facility (DUSEL) • Targeted program at other facilities • Benefits to NP: • Make NP a major player in era of historic discovery potential; we can help write the textbook on the new SM • Builds on substantial achievements since 2002 LRP & development of strong groups • Attractive to junior scientists • Economy of resources & synergy with other NP facilities Resources

32. Back Matter

33. /Caltech Greene Geoff Oak Ridge Nationa Lab/U. Tennessee Organizing Committee Symmetries Subcommittee Neutrino Subcommittee

34. Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations e- e- * Z* X N Charge sym in pdfs 12 GeV 6 GeV d(x)/u(x): large x Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin2qW Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM

35. Effective Field Theory • Model Independent (7 LECs) • Few-body systems (SNS, NIST…) • QCD: weak qq interactions in strong int environment • Weak Int in nuclei (0nbb decay) Long range: p-exchange? T=0 force T=1 force Parity-Violating NN Interaction