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Using Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Joyce Abma, Ph.D. Anjani Chandra, Ph.D. Stephanie Willson, Ph.D. Overview. Purpose and uses Sample design & methodology Questionnaire content. Selected findings from 1995 Using the Cycle 5 (1995) data Cycle 6 and beyond.
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Using Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) Joyce Abma, Ph.D. Anjani Chandra, Ph.D. Stephanie Willson, Ph.D.
Overview • Purpose and uses • Sample design & methodology • Questionnaire content • Selected findings from 1995 • Using the Cycle 5 (1995) data • Cycle 6 and beyond
Intermediate variables Intercourse variables: • Timing of first intercourse • Percent of women who • ever had intercourse • Time spent in marriage • (separation, divorce) • Frequency of intercourse Social factors • Race/ethnicity • Religion • Labor force • participation • Education • Income • Access to • health care • Family • background • Community • environment • (economic, • social, etc.) Conception variables: Fertility (live births) • Contraceptive use • Sterilization • Infertility Pregnancy outcome (gestation) variables: • Miscarriage and • stillbirth • Induced abortion
Uses of NSFG data • Collect periodic data on the “intermediate variables” • “Snapshot” of U.S. fertility, family formation, and reproductive health • Complement vital statistics • Track national health objectives • Evaluate health & social policies • Research: demographic and public health
Children Ever Born, by Woman’s Education, 1995 Source: Abma et al, 1997, Table 4
Pregnancy, Live Birth, Induced Abortion & Fetal Loss Rates, 1990 & 1995 Rate per 1,000 Women 1995 1990 Source: Ventura et al, 2000
Percent of Women 18-29 Who Had a Birth Before 18 Percent Median Family Income at Block Level Source: 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, Contextual Data Files
Percent Living with Father at Time of Most Recent Delivery Percent Mother’s Age at Delivery Wantedness at Conception Source: Chandra, poster presented at PAA 1998
NSFG sample (Cycles 1-5) • Nationally representative sample of women • Civilian non-institutionalized population of women 15-44 • Probability sample • Multistage, stratified, cluster design
NSFG sample (Cycles 1-5) • Oversample black women and starting in 1995, Hispanic women • Never-married women included starting in 1982 (Cycle 3) • 1988 & 1995 (Cycles 4-5) based on NHIS sample
NSFG Cycles 1-5 Cycle Year N Women 15-44 1 19739,797Ever-married 219768,611 Ever-married 319827,969All 419888,450All 4 (Tel)19905,686Reintv of ‘88 & new teens 5199510,847All
Innovations in 1995 NSFG, Cycle 5 • Major changes in questionnaire content and format • Changed mode of data collection to CAPI and Audio CASI • $20 token of appreciation paid to respondents -- maintain response rates with longer, more sensitive interview
Summary of Questionnaire Content in 1995 NSFG and Selected Findings
Section A • Education history • Childhood & young adult living arrangements • Work history • Smoking
Father Figure During Adolescence: U.S. women 15-44 in 1995 Percent Type of Father Figure: Source: Peterson, poster presented at PAA 1998
Section B Pregnancy history, including: • Date, outcome, gestational length of each • Smoking in each recent pregnancy • Prenatal care for each recent pregnancy • All births: birth weight, payment for delivery, breastfeeding, maternity leave Adoption, stepchildren, foster children
Payment for Delivery for Women’s Most Recent Birth, 1991-5 Mother’s Age at Delivery Source: Abma et al, 1997, Table 69
Percent Breastfed among Babies Born 1990-1993 Percent Wantedness of Pregnancy at Conception Source: Abma et al, 1997, Table 57
Section C • Marriage history • Cohabitation history • First intercourse; first partner • Partner history (last 5 years)
Percent Likelihood that 1st Marriage Dissolves Within Ten Years Percent Age at marriage Source: Bramlett & Mosher, forthcoming in Series 23, #22
Cumulative percent of females aged 15-19 who have had sex before reaching selected ages, 1988 and 1995 Percent 77 70 19 11 1 3 Age in years Source: Abma and Sonenstein, 2000
Section D • Current menstrual status • Sterilization operations: type, date, reasons, reversals • Impaired fecundity • Nonsurgical sterility • Subfecundity
Impaired Fecundity vs. 12 month Infertility among Married Women 15-44: U.S., 1982-1995 Percent Source: Chandra & Stephen, 1998
Section E Contraceptive history • Ever used • First used • Month-by-month method calendar for last 5 years • Consistency of recent use • Method use at last (recent) sex Wantedness status of each pregnancy • Wanted / mistimed / unwanted • Ambivalence measure
Type of Contraceptive Used Among Women 15-44 Who Currently Use Contraception: U.S., 1995 Method: Source: Piccinino & Mosher, 1998
Percent of Women 15-29 Currently Using Condom Percent Age in years Source: Piccinino & Mosher, 1998
Percent of Births 1991-95 Unwanted by Mother at Time of Conception Percent Source: Abma et al, 1997, Table 15
Sections F & G • Family planning services • Other medical services • Focus on use of Title X Clinics • Focus on last 12 months • Birth expectations in future
Use of Family Planning or Medical Services in Past Year Among Women 15-44: U.S., 1995 Percent Source: Abma et al, 1997, Table 74
Ever-Married Childless Women Age 35-44: Childbearing Expectations and Fecundity 1988 1995 1982 (Expect 1 or more) (Expect 0, fecund) (Expect 0, impaired fecundity) Source: Abma & Martinez, Paper Presented at PAA, 2002
Section H • Infertility services • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Sexually transmitted infections • Other reproductive health-related conditions & behaviors • HIV testing
Percent of Women 15-44 Ever Treated for PID Percent Age at first sex Source: Abma et al, 1997, Table 89
Section I • Residence (current, 1990, at birth) • Religion – affiliation, attendance • Race and Hispanic origin • Attitudes toward family and gender roles • Occupation & income • Health insurance coverage • Child care
Percent Uninsured Among Women 15-44 Percent Source: 1995 National Survey of Family Growth
Section J (Audio CASI) • Abortion re-reporting • Forced sexual intercourse • Family violence (teens only) • Numbers of sexual partners (re-reported) • Other sensitive items related to sexual behavior & STD/HIV risk
Percent of Unmarried Women Reporting 4 or More Male Sexual Partners in Past Year, Interviewer versus Self-administered mode Percent Source: Abma et al, 1997, Table 27
Using the 1995 NSFG • Several data files available • Common CASEID allows linkage of information across files • Access procedures vary due to confidentiality and sensitivity of data • Summary of all files and access procedures in your handout
1995 NSFG data files available • Public Use Files • Respondent file • Pregnancy (interval) file • Omitted Items File • Fieldwork File • Contextual Data Files
1995 NSFG - sample weights Adjust for: • Differential probability of selection • Location rates • Nonresponse rates • Post-stratification (age, race, marital status, parity); noncoverage Further details: Consult Series 2, #124
1995 NSFG - variance estimation • Complex sample design must be accounted for to make accurate inferences • Requirements for accurate estimation • Fully adjusted weight (POST_WT) • Collapsed strata variable (COL_STR) • Panel identifier (PANEL) For reference and further details: Series 2, #124
NSFG Public Use Data Files • Available on cartridge tape • Cycles 1, 2, 4, 5 available on CD-ROM (3 soon) • 1995: extensive documentation (also on web) • User’s Guide • Codebook • CAPI Reference Questionnaire
1995 NSFG - Contextual data files • Restricted use • Several access options, including NCHS RDC • Community characteristics • 4 levels of aggregation (state, county, census tract, block group) • 3 points in time (1990, 1993, 1995)
1995 NSFG - Contextual data files • 10,847 woman-records with linkage to over 1000 contextual variables including geocoding variables. • Access restricted due to confidentiality & disclosure concerns. • Rich potential for descriptive as well as detailed multilevel analyses.
NCHS Research Data Center • Contextual data files • State level indicators (user-supplied) • NHIS linked analyses (1988 & 1995) RDC Contact: Kenneth Harris Email: rdca@cdc.gov
NSFG - limitations • Limited ability to make reliable sub-national estimates • Health information not verified • Complex to analyze
NFSG - strengths • Large, representative sample • High response rates and low item nonresponse • Broad range of data spanning proximate and more distal factors affecting fertility • Analytic depth • Event history data • Contextual data
Cycle 6 and beyond • Shorter intervals between Cycles • Cycle 6 in 2002 • Cycle 7 in 2005 • Sample independent from NHIS • Contextual data • Inclusion of males 15-44 • Other design options possible
Inclusion of males 15-44 • Other half of fertility and family formation equation • 1996 Welfare Reform Act • Fatherhood Initiative (federal interagency effort) • Information collected directly
Cycle 6 Pretest • March-August 2001 • About 600 completed interviews • Females 15-44; Males 15-44 • 4 primary areas: 3 MSAs; 1 rural area