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Trade Finance Syndications

Trade Finance Syndications. 14 th April 2009. Our expertise Powering your ambition. Disclaimer

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Trade Finance Syndications

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  1. Trade Finance Syndications 14th April 2009 Our expertise Powering your ambition

  2. Disclaimer This presentation has been prepared by Standard Chartered Bank (“SCB”) for restricted distribution. Neither SCB nor the distributors nor any of its affiliates and/or their directors, officers, employees shall in any way be responsible or liable for any losses or damages whatsoever which any person may suffer or incur as a result of acting or otherwise relying upon anything stated or inferred in or omitted from this presentation. This presentation is for information purposes only and is based on information available to the public from sources that SCB believes to be reliable, but no representation is made that it is accurate or complete, and no information herein should be relied upon as such. Opinions and projections found in this presentation reflect our opinion as of the presentation date and are subject to change without notice. This presentation is neither intended nor should be considered as an offer or solicitation, or as the basis for any contract, for purchase of any security, loan or other financial instrument.

  3. Syndications • Life is not the same anymore: • Banks in trouble • Capital is scarce • Basel II is limiting scope of operations • Return on Assets and Return on Equity are at the forefront of the lending decision • Volumes are down • Pricing is up • Options are limited: • Leverage & Mezzanine are dead • Hedge Fund involvement in the market is waning • Underwriting capacity is scarce due to decrease in retail investors / risk appetite & capital • US/Europe seeing maximum tenor decreasing to 1-2 years. • Non-Performing Icelandic / Russian / Eastern European assets eating up excessive amounts of capital due to Basel II requirements • Yet deals are still being done…

  4. Banks in Trouble • Lehman Brothers = Gone • ABN AMRO = RBS / Fortis / Santander • RBS / Fortis / Lloyds / Citi = Part Nationalised • Merrill Lynch = Bank of America • Bear Stearns = JP Morgan • Subprime / CDOs / RMBS / CMBS have destroyed balance sheets • Writedowns have lead to massive losses eroding years of retained earnings and resulting in expensive bailouts • The future is uncertain!

  5. Capital is Scarce • New World: • Liquidity is tight • Writedowns eat away at capital lowering lending capabilities • Balance Sheets are weighed down by past lending • Reversion to home markets • Upward re-pricing of risk due on the grounds of credit and liquidity • Rights-Issues – Done with varying degrees of success

  6. Basel II

  7. Volumes are Down:

  8. Pricing is Up:

  9. Leverage is Dead

  10. Loan Syndication • Yet deals are still being done…

  11. Success in Europe • Trafigura: • $520m, 27th March 09, 1 year RCF, 250bp (All-in) – Up from 80bp in 2008 • ED&F Man: • $1,251m, 17th Feb 09, 1&2 year RCF, 350/412.5bp (All-in) – Up from 85/105bp in 2008 • Stemcor: • - $400m, 31st March 09, 364-Day, L+350bp (All-in) – Up from 155bp in 2008 • WHY? • These transactions are trade or commodity related • Short tenor • Well priced (approx 3x previous years all-in pricing) • Have strong relationships with banking group • Are self-liquidating

  12. Failure in Europe: Lending alone is not attractive anymore • Central & Eastern Europe: • Only 1 successful syndication in H2 2008 • Out of 31 Financial Institutions Why? • Lack of relationships & ancillary business • Deterioration of credit (Sovereign / Corporate & FI) • Went to the market for USD when Costs of Funds where very high • Yield driven participation played a large part in previous financing • Result: • Eurozone Banks have over $1.5 trillion of exposure to Central and Eastern Europe. • Erste, RZB, Soc Gen, UniCredit & KBC who were all active players in the loan market, have the most substantial known exposures. • National Focus: • Banks are pulling back within their borders and focussing on core corporate client e.g.. RBS, Commerzbank • Iceland: • The collapse of Landsbanki & Kaupthing lead to the country defaulting

  13. Failure in Europe: Name alone does not sell anymore • Porsche - €10bn, 24th March 09, 1 year RCF, L+575bp All-in (Implied Rating BBB): • Drew down RCF in 2008 priced at L+45bp (All-in) when Lenders’ Cost of Funds where greater than L+100bp, which angered Lenders. • Went to the market in Feb 2009 to raise €12.5bn, €10bn to refinance and an additional €2.5bn for General Corporate Purposes (GCP). • Initially offered L+475bp and was shortly afterwards forced to increase fees by 50bp to attract Lenders. • Only managed to raise €8.55bn as of the day before repayment date. • Increased margin by a further 50bp and managed to secure €10bn for the refinance but not additional €2.5bn for GCP. • Had to secure the facility with shares in Volkswagen (2008 RCF was unsecured). • Technically Defaulted as repayment of Existing Facility was a day late. As a result, Porsche paid 10x the price of their previous transaction & had to provide security as they misjudged the market!

  14. Bonds – Prices and Dangers • Borrowers are being forced into Bond Market due to lack of medium term liquidity in the Loan Market. • High priced bonds lock-in high financing costs without prepayment flexibility of loans. • Recent Issuances: • Volvo (A-) 5 year EUR 700m – 987.5bp (2007 10yr EUR 1,000m – 500bp) • BMW (A) 4 year EUR 100m – 800bp (2005 4yr EUR 400m – 300bp) • BMW (A) 3 year EUR 1,250m – m/s+387.5bp (2007 3yr EUR 100m – m/s+5bp) • Metro (BBB+) 6 year EUR 1,000m – 762.5bp (2004 5yr EUR 750m – m/s+40bp) • Daimler (A-) 3 ½ year EUR 1,000m – 687.5bp (2007 3yr EUR 2,000m – 437.5bp) • EDF (AA-) 10 year EUR 2,000m – 650bp (2006 10yr EUR 1,000m – 412.5bp) Bad market conditions + increased borrowing costs = increased price = Decreased Demand

  15. LIBOR / Cost of Funds / Liquidity Premium • While 3mth USD & EUR LIBOR are at near record lows 1.16% (USD) / 1.47% (EUR), this doesn’t reflect the full story. • By virtue of the LIBOR fixing mechanism at least 4 of the 16 banks on the USD panel should be willing to lend at below the published rate and 4 at the rate. • However Cost of Funds are greater than LIBOR. • The difference is the liquidity premium banks need to pay to published LIBOR Rates. No Lender will tell a Borrower their Cost of Funds out of fear of the associated stigma of being considered a “weaker credit”. • As long as Cost of Funds > LIBOR, Margins will need to be higher to compensate for the liquidity premium. • Cost of Funds premium is less of an issue in Euro and GBP transactions.

  16. The Credit Decision • The decision historically relied on just 3 questions: • Can we lend to this Borrower? • How much can we lend to this Borrower? • How long can we lend to this Borrower for? • Now these 3 questions have been joined by: • How is this deal priced in comparison with similar deals? • How does it look under Basel II? • What’s the Return on Assets? • What's the Return on Equity? • Result: Increased Pricing / Lower Tenor / Tighter Covenants

  17. Risk Weighted Asset (RWA) • Under the Basel II Advanced IRB method, an International Bank’s participation will be partially dependant on return on RWA. • A $100m fully-drawn loan with no collateral for a company with an ‘internal’ rating equivalent to B+ would have a RWA of $160-190m for 1 year • A $100m undrawn Revolving Credit Facility under the same conditions would maintain the same RWA%, however this is only applied to 10% of the committed limit i.e. $16-19m for 1 year. • A $100m fully-drawn loan with $100m of hedged Crude Oil as collateral with the same ‘internal’ B+ rating would have a RWA of $30-40m for 1 year Result: The higher the RWA, the higher the pricing to meet internal return constraints

  18. Ancillary Business • Ancillary Business has (for a long time) been a reason for participating in underpriced syndicated loans. • Losses from Secondary sell-down could be offset against revenues generated from other aspects of the relationship. • This has led to Financial Institutions / Corporates in certain markets being able to borrow at unrealistic prices. • While these relationships are still highly valued, facilities now need to make sense on a standalone basis: • Price, Tenor, Return on Assets, Return on Capital, Cost of Funds etc.

  19. Covenants • Covenant-light started appearing in corporate syndications in 2006, partly due to the strength of private equity firms and partly due to almost unending liquidity. Covenant-light loans relaxed the protection and corresponding reporting of key ratios (Gearing, EBITDA, MAC etc). • However covenants remained tight in Africa – not to the detriment but the benefit of the overall market.

  20. Africa – why is it different? • 2008 was a record year for Africa • Real Deals – sensible deals with substance: • Telecoms, Energy, Mining etc • Sonangol ( Receivables backed) USD 2,500m • Ghana Cocoa Board( Receivables backed) USD 1,000m • AngloGold (Commodity Corporate) USD 1,000m • Lonmin (Commodity Corporate) USD 400m • Maturities – Africa is the only place where 3-5 years is still marketable for Corporates. For FIs while commercial lenders may only offer 1 year, DFIs are willing to do up to 5 years.

  21. Advantages of Local Currency Facilities • Local currency markets have the depth to accommodate larger facilities. • Utilise the greater liquidity in local currency markets. • With high EUR & USD loan pricing, local currency could be the cheaper option. • SCB is present in Africa and can assist you with this. A few examples from 2008: • Syndicated Loans: Celtel Tanzania, Kenyan Power & Lighting Corporation, Telkom Kenya • Debt Securities: Union Bank of Nigeria, Blue Financial Services Botswana, African Development Bank (UGX Note)

  22. Africa - The Knock on Effect :No one is an island • Decrease in Non-African Banks participating in African Facilities due to focus on core corporate clients. • In 2006-Q108, 164 Non-African FIs participated in US$/EUR African Deals. In the last 12 months….only 47! • Decrease in players partially due to mergers and nationalisation • KBC / HSH / ING & Landesbanks in Germany are out of the international market • A number of International Banks are moving away from FIs

  23. Africa is still open for business • SCB is still with you, as are certain other banks • Development Finance Institutions:, African Development Bank, African Export Import Bank, FMO, DEG, KfW, Proparco and of course IFC. • Opportunities in Energy, Mining, Commodities & Financial Institutions • The Global Market is tough, but Africa can emerge stronger than ever.

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