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ANIMAL SCIENCE 320

ANIMAL SCIENCE 320. Instructors. Dr. Cheryl L. Morris 201D Kildee Hall clmorris@iastate.edu. Dr. Jim Russell 313 Kildee Hall jrussell@iastate.edu. Graduate TA: Olivia Genther 333 Kildee Hall genthero@iastate.edu Mondays 2:00 – 4:00 PM. Graduate TA: Matt O’Neil 337C Kildee Hall

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ANIMAL SCIENCE 320

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  1. ANIMAL SCIENCE 320

  2. Instructors Dr. Cheryl L. Morris 201D Kildee Hall clmorris@iastate.edu Dr. Jim Russell 313 Kildee Hall jrussell@iastate.edu Graduate TA: Olivia Genther 333 Kildee Hall genthero@iastate.edu Mondays 2:00 – 4:00 PM Graduate TA: Matt O’Neil 337C Kildee Hall maoneil@iastate.edu Tuesdays 2:00 – 4:00 PM

  3. Meeting Times and Locations Monday and Wednesday Lectures: 8:00 – 8:50 AM Kildee 108 Wednesday Labs: 2:10 – 4:00 PM Kildee 25 Computer Lab Dates (Room 1): April 3 April 15 April 17 April 22 April 24 April 29 May 1 Text Animal Feeding and Nutrition, 11th Edition, Jurgens, Bregendahl, Coverdale, Hansen

  4. SCHEDULE

  5. SCHEDULE

  6. SCHEDULE

  7. EVALUATION AND GRADE SCALE Grading:

  8. Reviewing Nutrient Digestion • Chapter 1 • Review of Nutrients Pp. 3 - 63 • Review of Digestion Pp. 63 – 77 • Non Ruminant • Ruminant

  9. Types of Digestion Mechanical Chemical Enzymatic Fermentative

  10. DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS REVIEW Non-ruminant Digestive Tract

  11. FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF THE NONRUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT • Mouth • Prehension and mastication • Taste • Secretion of saliva • Composition • Water • Mucin • Bicarbonate salts • Enzymes (some species) • Stomach • Secretions • Hydrochloric acid • Protease • Pepsinogen→ Pepsin • Hormone • Gastrin

  12. Small intestine (2 main functions) • Secretions (From 3 locations) 1. Pancreas • Proteases • Trypsinogen → Trypsin • Chymotrypsinogen → Chymotrypsin • Procarboxypeptidase → Carboxypeptidase • Carbohydrase • Amylase • Lipase • Lipase 2. Liver • Bile salts 3. Intestinal mucosa • Carbohydrases • Maltase • Lactase • Sucrase • Peptidases • Gut hormones • Secretin • Cholecystokinin • Absorption

  13. Large intestine • Structural carbohydrate fermentation • Importance and size dependent on diet • What is a structural carbohydrate that might be fermented in the large intestine vs. a carbohydrate that is not structural or fermented in the large intestine? • Example?

  14. REVIEW OF NONRUMINANT DIGESTION Amylase Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA’s)

  15. REVIEW OF NONRUMINANT DIGESTION HCL Amino acids

  16. AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT

  17. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AVIAN AND NONRUMINANT MAMMALIAN DIGESTIVE TRACTS • Mouth • Prehension of feed • No teeth • No amylase • Esophagus • Has crop for feed storage • Stomach • Proventriculus before feed is ground • Gizzard • Grinds feed • Small intestine • No lactase • Large intestine • Small in most species • Cloaca • Organ where feces mixed with urinary waste products (Ventriculus) (Ceca)

  18. RUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT

  19. FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF THE RUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT • Mouth • Prehension of feed • Lips and tongue • Chewing • Eating and Rumination • Taste • Avoidance • Secretion of saliva • Secretion of buffers • NaHCO3 and NaH2PO4 • Maintain rumen pH • Recycling of N, Na, P, and water to rumen • Bloat prevention • Esophagus • Involved in rumination and eructation

  20. Stomach • Reticulum, rumen & omasum • Fermentation • Absorption of fermentation endproducts • Abomasum • Secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen • Small intestine • Similar to non-ruminant • No sucrase • Large intestine • Similar to non-ruminant • More important in browsing species

  21. CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS Starch Structural CHO Methane Undegraded Small intestine (Digestion similar to NR) Fermented Volatile fatty acids (VFA) Liver & peripheral tissues Energy and fat synthesis

  22. PROTEIN DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS True protein NPN Undegraded Small intestine Metabolizable Degraded protein Recycled via saliva (20% of dietary N) NH3 Microbial protein NH3 Liver Urea Kidney Excreted

  23. LIPID DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS Fat Undegraded Small intestine (Digestion similar to NR) Degraded Glycerol VFA Long chain FA Saturated FA Liver & peripheral tissues Energy and fat synthesis

  24. What is the primary volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen fed a high forage diet? • Acetic acid • Butyric acid • Lactic acid • Conjugated linoleic acid • Propionic acid

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