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State of Garden Conservation in Finland

State of Garden Conservation in Finland. Maunu Häyrynen , Landscape Studies, University of Turku Vilnius, 6 November 2008. Historic gardens in Finland. No national inventory exists Earliest data from Middle Age, no remains Earliest preserved elements from 16C

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State of Garden Conservation in Finland

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  1. State of Garden Conservation in Finland Maunu Häyrynen, Landscape Studies, University of Turku Vilnius, 6 November 2008

  2. Historic gardens in Finland • No national inventory exists • Earliest data from Middle Age, no remains • Earliest preserved elements from 16C • Earliest preserved compositions from late 18C (estate gardens, iron works, rectories) • Earliest gardens managed in original layout from early 19C (estates, public walks)

  3. Villnäs / Louhisaari estate garden

  4. Special characteristics • Relatively late start • Temporary peaks: Turku, Kristiina • Finnish Barocque gardens built in Sweden • Little Ice Age & wars until mid-18C • Academy of Turku: Physiocratic garden • Landed gentry, parvenues, scholars & priests as mediators • Russian era: Western styles & Eastern plants • Role of cities and state from late 19C

  5. Fagervik: The parvenue garden

  6. Protective legislation • Antiquity Act: Theoretical protection of physical structures over 100 years old • Building Conservation Act: Gardens connecting with listed buildings (new law on its way, gardens listed by own criteria?) • Nature Conservation Act: Some gardens • Land Use and Building Act: Main tool for protection in cities, used in a few cases • National Urban Parks: Historic parks incl.

  7. Kaivopuisto: Protected historic park?

  8. Current situation • National Board of Antiquities officially in charge, partly delegated to regional museums • Ministry of Environment and regional environmental authorities: Supportive actions • National Museum of Architecture responsible for receiving and keeping archival materials • Municipalities in charge of planning • Interest groups: Icomos/Finland, Garden Art Society, co-operation with authorities - expertise

  9. Kaisaniemi: Concerted action

  10. Conservation measures • Inventories: Official guideline, carried out voluntarily & sporadically • Restoration: State owned gardens, some public parks, long-term management plans • Reconstructions: Joensuu estate garden, Rosenlund rectory garden, based on research • Training: Landscape architects / HUT, Landscape Studies /Turku, polytechnics

  11. Joensuu: Reconstructed garden

  12. State of research • Compendia & popular books & articles • Academic treatises (partly published): art history, architecture & landscape architecture, ethnology, life sciences, photographic art, landscape studies • Inventories and planning reports, incl. garden archaeology • Exhibition catalogues • International networking on its way

  13. Garden research

  14. Problems to be tackled • Lack of information • Lack of specific training • Lack of coordination between actors • Development impulses ignoring historic values & good conservation practices • Conflicting land use interests (soft targets) • New management techniques & standards • As always, lack of resources

  15. Where next?

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