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Exploring Marine Terrain: GIS and Acoustic Sensing

Dive into marine habitat exploration using GIS and cutting-edge acoustic remote sensing techniques. Discover uncharted depths and biodiversity with advanced mapping technologies.

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Exploring Marine Terrain: GIS and Acoustic Sensing

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  1. Marine/Coastal GIS andAcoustic Remote Sensing Specialty Group Sponsors: Coastal and Marine Geography Geographic Information Science and Systems AAG Annual Meeting, Denver April 8, 2005 Photo by

  2. Benthic Terrain Modeling Algorithms and Web Distribution D.J. Wright, E. Lundblad*, E. Larkin^, R. Rinehart, Dept. of Geosciences, Oregon State University J. Murphy NOAA Coastal Services Center AAG Annual Meeting, Denver April 8, 2005 Photo by

  3. National Marine Sanctuaries Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System

  4. Maps courtesy of National Park of American Samoa

  5. Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

  6. By former OrSt grad student Emily Larkin

  7. FBNMS: Some Major Issues • Natural & human impacts • Crown-of-thorns invasion, hurricanes, bleaching • Illegal fishing, sewage outfall Photos courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System

  8. FBNMS cont. & Research ??s • Prior to 2001… • Sanctuary largely unexplored below depths of ~30-60 m • no comprehensive documentation of the plants, animals, and submarine topography. • Little is known of tropical “twilight zone” • shelf-edge (50-120 m deep) of coral reef habitats throughout the world • Best combo of terrain analysis techniques? • Extension of satellite-based scheme • What is viable classification acoustically?

  9. OrSt & USFMultibeam Surveys to date By OrSt grad student Emily Lundblad

  10. Shallow Multibeam(May 2001, November 2002) • Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000 • Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg. • Swaths 3-4 times water depth • Depths in 3-150 m range at survey speeds of 3-12 knots • cm-resolution w/ dGPS

  11. By OrSt grad student Emily Larkin

  12. Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 2001 bathy

  13. (after Weiss 2001) Bathymetric Position Index(from TPI, Jones et al., 2000; Weiss, 2001; Iampietro & Kvitekk, 2002) Measure of where a point is in the overall land- or “seascape” Compares elevation of cell to mean elevation of neighborhood

  14. Bathymetric Position Index bpi<scalefactor>= int((bathy - focalmean(bathy, annulus, irad, orad)) + .5) Algorithm compares each cell’s elevation to the mean elevation of the surrounding cells in an annulus or ring. resolution = 3 m irad = 2 cells (6 m) orad = 4 cells (12 m) scalefactor = resolution * orad = 36 m |---2---| |---------4-------| • Negative bpi = depression • Positive bpi = crest • Zero bpi = constant slope or flat -3m-

  15. BPI Zone and Structure Classification Flowchart Emily Lundblad, OrSt M.S. Thesis

  16. Emily Lundblad, OrSt M.S. Thesis

  17. Fish Abundance & BPI Courtesy of Pat Iampietro, CSU-MB, ESRI UC 2003

  18. Benthic Habitat Pilot Areas, DMWR

  19. 2005 HURL Sub & ROV surveys Ka‘imikai-o-Kanaloa Pisces IV or V RCV-150

  20. Rugosity • Measure of how rough or bumpy a surface is, how convoluted and complex • Ratio of surface area to planar area Surface area based on elevations of 8 neighbors 3D view of grid on the left Center pts of 9 cells connected To make 8 triangles Portions of 8 triangles overlapping center cell used for surface area Graphics courtesy of Jeff Jenness, Jenness Enterprises, and Pat Iampietro, CSU-MB

  21. Emily Lundblad, OrSt M.S. Thesis

  22. American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer scallywag.science.oregonstate.edu/website/AmSamoa/viewer.htm … or via dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/samoa Link to Samoan version of site Overview Map Zoom to study area Active tool display Links to help, data download and info pages

  23. http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/samoa

  24. Samoan Collaborations & Products • OSU, NOAA & AS GIS User Group • Benthic classifications for benthic habitat/MPAs • American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer • AS Marine/Coastal Bibliographic Tool • On-island workshops in September 2004 • Benthic Terrain Modeler (ArcGIS 8.x/9.x tool) • 3D Visualizations and movies in Fledermaus • Other work • NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Mapping • Duke U. Coral reef ecosystem studies

  25. For more information …dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/samoa Image courtesy of FBNMS

  26. Structure Classification Decision Tree Emily Lundblad, OrSt M.S. Thesis

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