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Learn about Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategies for schools. Improve collaboration between architects and stakeholders to create safer educational environments.
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Drawing the Line: How Architects Can Improve School Safety & Security Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS CEFPI Southern Region Conference April 16, 2011
Agenda • Why are we here today • Communicating with the architect • Architects and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) • Closing Thoughts
Why are we here today? • Because none of us are perfect • Increase our awareness of the relationship between building design & safety/security • Improve our collaboration between the owner, the architect (and law enforcement) • Develop the “question everything” attitude • Maintain the balance
Communicating with the architect • What are your priorities as a District for school safety during the design phase? • What are theirs? • Use of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance: • “Consists of increasing visibility within and around a facility by encouraging its legitimate occupants and observers to increase their observation, detection and reporting of trespassers and misconduct.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control: • “Intended to deny access to crime targets and to create a perception of risk to offenders.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED
Architects and CPTED Territorial Reinforcement: • “…is about establishing a sense of ownership by building owners and occupants to increase vigilance in identifying trespassers and sending the message that a would-be-offender will be identified and challenged.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED
Architects and CPTED • Natural Surveillance • Windows for staff observation • Glazing, tinting, ballistics • Protection from smash and grab • Observation of entrance and parking areas
Architects and CPTED • Natural Surveillance • Interior Surveillance – Direct Line of Sight (LOS) • Hallways • Reduce Blind Corners – Mirrors • Stairwells – Align with hallway traffic flow
Architects and CPTED • Natural Surveillance Barriers • Windows in the sun • Vegetation • Structural columns • Recessed classroom door entrances • Hiding areas and blind corners • Vestibules with hidden doors • Other buildings
Architects and CPTED Vegetation will one day inhibit surveillance
Architects and CPTED Surveillance and safety challenges
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance – columns
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance – blind corner
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance - columns
Architects and CPTED What Natural Surveillance?
Architects and CPTED Vegetation and Natural Surveillance
Architects and CPTED Natural surveillance and solid walls
Architects and CPTED • Natural Access Control • Fencing serves multiple purposes • Directs the visitors, • Separates wildlife from students • Defines the transition from school to public property • Avoid the use of solid walls • Sidewalks – how far do you go?
Architects and CPTED • Natural Access Control • Driveways and traffic calming • Reinforced planters, barriers, bollards • Proper vegetation • Exterior doors
Architects and CPTED • Natural Access Control • Controlled Vestibules • Maintain direct surveillance • Transaction window & acoustics • Bathroom Entrances – S entrance • Classroom Doors – locking from the inside and windows near the handles
Architects and CPTED • Natural Access Control • Lay in ceilings in restrooms as a hiding place for drugs and weapons • How many ways can we get to the roof • Athletic Events • How do we separate fans during and following the activity?
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Roof Access
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Climbing
Controlled Vestibules reception Vestibule
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control and Surveillance
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Sidewalk
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Driveways
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Safety
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control - Safety
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance and Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Surveillance and Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED Natural Access Control
Architects and CPTED • Territorial Reinforcement • Passive Barriers • Natural Landscaping • Elevation changes • Fencing • Clear and Concise Signage • Maintain it
Architects and CPTED Territoriality Fencing
Architects and CPTED Clear and Concise Signage
Architects and CPTED Territoriality must be maintained
Architects and CPTED Some additional things to consider: • Designating “shelter in place” areas into the architecture. • Weather use - hallways for shelter, no gyms or cafeterias – glass, high walls. • Designate visitor parking in clear view of the front office. • Office location – “Schneider Scale” • Target hardening practices
Architects and CPTED Some additional things to consider: • CATE – banks and child care • Avoid computer labs on exterior walls • First responder radio interference • Where is the custodian office in relationship to the exterior doors/dumpsters? (for planning access control) • How many ways can the nurse get out of the clinic?
Closing Thoughts • It starts with the right team - Architect, School District Administration, Structural, Civil, Law Enforcement • City officials – local codes (landscaping) • Include post occupancy evaluations focused on CPTED, Safety, Security during the one year warranty check