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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Section 2 Changes of State. I. Changes Between S olid a nd Liquid. Melting – change in phase from a solid to a liquid. 1. Particles move fast enough to break free from their fixed positions. 2. Can be useful in identifying an unknown substance.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Section 2 Changes of State

  2. I. Changes Between Solid and Liquid • Melting – change in phase from a solid to a liquid. 1. Particles move fast enough to break free from their fixed positions. 2. Can be useful in identifying an unknown substance. • Freezing – Change in state from liquid to solid. • Particles slow down and get into fixed positions. • Freezing point is the same as melting point.

  3. II. Changes Between Liquid and Gas • Vaporization – phase change where a liquid becomes a gas. • Evaporation – when vaporization occurs only on the surface. • Boiling – when vaporization occurs below the surface. • The boiling point of a substance depends on the pressure of the air above it. a. In Denver, water boils at 95 degrees Celsius (203 degrees F)

  4. B. Condensation – phase change when a gas becomes a liquid. 1. Occurs on a solid structure (glass, leaf, dust particle) 2. In clouds, tiny droplets of water form and stay afloat until they get heavy enough to fall.

  5. III. Changes Between Solid and Gas • Sublimation – Change in phase from a solid straight to a gas. 1. Dry ice (frozen CO2)

  6. FYI (you do not need to write this down) The reverse of sublimation is “deposition”

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