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Musculo-Skeletal system

Musculo-Skeletal system. http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?lic=1&article_set=59302&cat_id=20607 Skeletal system http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGTenIDJBwU. Evolution of the System. Muscles evolved 500-800 million yrs. a go

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Musculo-Skeletal system

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  1. Musculo-Skeletal system

  2. http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?lic=1&article_set=59302&cat_id=20607http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?lic=1&article_set=59302&cat_id=20607 • Skeletal system • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGTenIDJBwU

  3. Evolution of the System • Muscles evolved 500-800 million yrs. ago • Actin muscle protein structure resembles mreB structure in bacteria • mreB is used to maintain shape of the bacterial cell • Myosin resembles Muk and SMC in bacteria • Muk condenses DNA after DNA replication • 500 million yrs. ago, striated and smooth muscle diverged

  4. Types of Skeletons • Hydrostatic Skeleton • Fluid-filled body cavity • Found in Porifera, Nematoda, and most other invertebrate phyla • Exoskeleton • Hard segments cover muscles • Found in Arthropoda • Endoskeleton • Internal, contains bones and cartilage • Found in Chordata

  5. Types of Bones • Long Bones • Work as levers • Short Bones • Cube-shaped • In wrists and ankles • Flat Bones • Protect organs • Broad, have muscles attached • Irregular Bones

  6. Divisions of Human Skeleton • Axial Skeleton • Skull • Sternum • Ribs • Vertebral Column • Appendicular Skeleton • Shoulder Girdle • Pelvic Girdle • Extremities

  7. Types of Muscle • Skeletal Muscle • Voluntary movement • Example: Biceps • Smooth Muscle • Involuntary contraction • Used in digestion • Cardiac Muscle • Located in the heart • Pumps blood through the body

  8. http://faculty.etsu.edu/forsman/Histologyofmuscleforweb.htm

  9. Interdependence • Skeletal muscle is directly controlled by the nervous system • Motor neurons are attached to muscle at neuromuscular junctions • B cells for the immune system are produced in bone marrow • Eyes use muscles to move • Digestion and Excretion use smooth muscles to transport the food

  10. Diseases and Disorders • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Afflicts skeletal muscle • Person cannot create dystrophin • Muscle cells break down • X-linked genetic disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Afflicts cardiac muscle • Lower chambers of the heart weaken first • Osteosarcoma • Type of cancer • Mostly develops in bones near the knee

  11. Bone Cells • Osteoblasts • Create bone • 10 microns diameter • Derived from mesenchymal stem cell • Osteoclasts • Absorb bone • 20-100 microns diameter • Derived from macrophages • Osteocytes • Osteoblasts encased in bone matrix

  12. Bone: Connective Tissue

  13. Example of Skeletal Muscle -Connects muscle to bone -Connect bones

  14. Myofibrils • A fiber bundle contains hundreds of myofibrils that run the length of the fiber • Each myofibril is a linear array of sarcomeres • Each sarcomere is capped on ends by a transverse tubule (t-tubule) that is an extension of sarcolemmal membrane • Surfaces of sarcomeres are covered by SR

  15. Muscle Contraction

  16. Muscle Contraction in Action http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/movies/actin_myosin.html http://www.dnatube.com/video/1306/Muscle-contraction

  17. Works Cited • http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookMUSSKEL.html • http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions • http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=17158703#id358647 • http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=10677457 • http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/movies/actin_myosin.html • http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html • http://www.engin.umich.edu/class/bme456/bonephys/bonephys.htm • Garrett and Gershom. Biochemistry.

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