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Solent Boat Training

Solent Boat Training. Powerboat Level 2. Earth. Sun. TIDES. Springs. New Moon . Earth. Sun. Full Moon. Springs. TIDES. Last Quarter. Neaps. Earth. Sun. Neaps. First Quarter. TIDES. RULE OF TWELFTHS. 1st hour 1/12. 2nd hour 2/12. 3rd hour 3/12. 4th hour 3/12.

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Solent Boat Training

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  1. Solent Boat Training Powerboat Level 2

  2. Earth Sun TIDES

  3. Springs New Moon Earth Sun Full Moon Springs TIDES

  4. Last Quarter Neaps Earth Sun Neaps First Quarter TIDES

  5. RULE OF TWELFTHS 1st hour 1/12 2nd hour 2/12 3rd hour 3/12 4th hour 3/12 5th hour 2/12 6th hour 1/12 HW +1h +2h +3h +4h +5h LW

  6. TIDE TABLE

  7. Hot Air Rising Cold Air Falling Cold Air Falling Cold Air Cold Air FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE OF 'WEATHER'

  8. Returned air falls to cool sea Warm air rising off land creates LOW PRESSURE Cool Sea HIGH PRESSURE SEA BREEZE - EARLY

  9. Returned air falls to cool sea Clouds form as damp air off sea rises and condenses Warm air rising off land Damp air Cool Sea SEA BREEZE - ESTABLISHED

  10. Cool air descends as land cools quickly Air off warm sea surface rises Breeze blows from land to sea Land Cools LAND BREEZE

  11. 992 1000 1024 1008 1016 1032 High Pressure Low Pressure Buys Ballot's Law In the Northern Hemisphere, if you stand with your back to the wind, the LOWPRESSURE area is to your left High Low BUYS BALLOT'S LAW

  12. FRONTAL SYSTEM General Direction of Depression L A C B D E Warm Front F Cold Front

  13. FRONTAL SYSTEM Cirrus Cirro Stratus Alto Stratus Cumulonimbus Stratus Cumulus Nimbo Stratus Strato Cumulus Cumulus Fog Rain WARM AIR Heavy Rain Showers COLD AIR COOL AIR A F E D C B

  14. WEATHER FORECAST SOURCES • National Radio • Local Radio • TV • Marine Call • Internet • Teletext • Met Office • Navtex • Weatherfax/Fax • Coastguard • Press • Coast Radio Station • Look

  15. PILOTAGE (Navigating Safely in Confined Waters) • USE ALL SIGNPOSTS AVAILABLE • Buoys & lights • Charted landmarks • Transits, clearing bearings • Soundings etc. • PRE-PLAN • Use large scale charts • Pilot books • Local knowledge • As detailed as necessary for the task

  16. DETAIL NEEDED Start of pilotage Distance and Course to Steer to next mark Use 6 minute marks for high speed navigation Repeat until destination reached Use transits and clearing bearings to avoid hazards PILOTAGE

  17. KEEP TO PORT OR STARBOARD Starboard Hand Any G except (2 + 1) Port Hand Any R except (2 + 1) Direction of Buoyage Safe Water Iso, Occ, L Fl 10s or Mo(A) Special Marks Yellow, any rhythmexcept used for white lights MARKS CAN BE BUOYS OR ON POSTS COLOUR DEFINES PURPOSE LATERAL AND OTHER BUOYAGE

  18. KEEP TO PORT OR STARBOARD Port Hand Any R except (2 + 1) Starboard Hand Any G except (2 + 1) MARKS CAN BE BUOYS OR ON POSTS COLOUR DEFINES PURPOSE Direction of Buoyage Safe Water Iso, Occ, L Fl 10s or Mo(A) Special Marks Yellow, rhythm not used for white lights Preferred Channel to Stbd Fl (2 + 1)R Preferred Channel to Port Fl (2 + 1)G LATERAL AND OTHER BUOYAGE

  19. Continuous Flashing Shows direction of safe water 2 Flashes 9 Flashes 3 Flashes 6 Short + 1 Long CARDINAL MARKS

  20. PASSAGE PLANNING • Define objective • Constraints on operation • Crew, time available etc • Assemble navigation equipment • Charts, Pilots, Tide Tables and • Tidal Stream Atlases • Plan provisions (including emergency stock) • Personal kit

  21. PASSAGE PLANNING • Constraints on departure - locks, sills? • If so - departure time is set within these limits - • PlanFORWARD • Constraints on arrival - locks, sills? • If so - arrival time is set between these limits - • PlanBACKWARDS • Passage constraints - races, strong tides? • If so - transit time is set by the phenomenon • If more than one constraint • Plan waiting period when appropriate

  22. PASSAGE PLANNING • Calculate distance and expected passage time • Calculate times between waypoints for high • speed navigation • Plan for departure/arrival by day/night • Plan for optimum use of tide • Plan waypoints • Is fuel capacity adequate for passage? • If not, plan refuelling stops

  23. N W E S N N W E W E S S N W E S EFFECT OF COMPASS DEVIATION

  24. Ship's Head Ship's Head Deviation West East Magnetic (M) Compass (C) 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 000 4W 356 000 2W 020.5 022.5 0 045 045 045 2E 069.5 067.5 4E 094 090 090 5E 117.5 112.5 6E 141 135 135 5E 162.5 157.5 4E 184 180 180 2E 204.5 202.5 0 225 225 225 2W 245.5 247.5 4W 266 270 270 5W 287.5 292.5 6W 309 315 315 5W 332.5 337.5 4W 356 360 360 COMPASS DEVIATION TABLE

  25. “Error West - Compass Best Error East - Compass Least” “Cadbury's Dairy Milk Very Tasty + Exciting (- W)” NB Order and sign of corrections are important MNEMONICS

  26. POTENTIAL FIX INACCURACIES - 1

  27. Keep lights in line on192°(T) for transit 192°(T) LEADING LINES

  28. PORT ENTRY - CROSS TIDE Course to be made good Tide When close enough to see, transfer to more appropriate transit until out of tide COURSE SHAPING

  29. Fore Spring Back Spring BowRopes Stern Rope Bow Shoreline Stern Shoreline Fore spring stops the boat going forwards Back spring stops the boat going backwards MOORING ALONGSIDE

  30. SECURING TO A CLEAT

  31. KNOTS, BENDS & HITCHES Sheet Bend Double SheetBend Bowline Figureof Eight

  32. Clove Hitch Reef Knot Rolling Hitch Round Turn and 2 Half Hitches KNOTS, BENDS & HITCHES

  33. COILING A ROPE

  34. ANCHOR TERMINOLOGY Eye for tripping line Fid Shank (to secure stock) Stock Fluke Crown Shank

  35. Poor power/weight ratio • Upstanding fluke can foul chain • Stock pin needs wire mousing • Can stow flat • Good on rock • Few moving parts Grapnel • Easily folded • Best in weed • Useful in small • craft • Poor power/weight ratio • Clumsy to handle • Can pinch fingers Fisherman

  36. CQR • Good power/weight ratio • Plough digs into most types of ground • Forged steel very strong • Difficult to stow • Can capsize (but usually resets) Danforth • Shingle can jam or trip • Not good on rock • Hard to break out of mud • Can catch fingers • Can stow flat • Good holding in soft ground

  37. Bruce • Excellent power/weight ratio • No moving parts to jam • Easy to break out • Difficult to stow except on bow roller • Not good on weedy or hard ground • Smaller sizes may not dig in easily Delta • Sets fast and digs deep • Excellent power/weight ratio • Does not capsize • Can self-launch/free-fall from bow roller • Difficult to stow except on bow roller

  38. ANCHORING Anchors in tandem Running Moor Strongest stream Heaviest anchor Scope Chain - 4 x depth Warp - 6 x depth 40°

  39. Be clear of • Fairways • Dangers • Other anchored craft • Depth • Now • LW • HW • Shelter • Now • Later • Tidal Stream • Direction • Speed • Turn • Wind • Direction • Speed • Can you get away? • In a crisis • At night • Type of Holding ANCHORING

  40. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

  41. GPS - FIX ERROR Position Spheres

  42. GPS - POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS • Selective Availability • Random error is built into civilian signal • 95% of fixes within 100m • Can be corrected with Differential GPS • Similar errors to visual fix when intersection • much less than 60 degrees • Shape of earth - need to use correct datum or • can be as much as 150 metres in error

  43. DISTRESS CALL MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, This is Yacht FAIRWIND, FAIRWIND,FAIRWIND • DISTRESS MESSAGE • IdentityMAYDAY Yacht FAIRWIND • PositionPosition is 025°(T) from Braye Harbour, 7 miles • Situation Struck submerged object, holed and sinking • Assistance Needed I require immediate assistance • Crew Six persons on board all with lifejackets • Other Information Preparing liferaft and will abandon in 10 minutes • Invitation to reply Over VHF MAYDAY

  44. Fire downwind 15° for no cloud WIND WIND WIND Up to 45° for low cloud DISTRESS FLARES COASTAL 7 miles from land INSHORE 5 miles from land • OFFSHORE • Over 7 miles from land 2 red hand flares 2 orange smokes 4 red parachute flares 4 red hand flares 2 buoyant orange smokes 2 parachute flares 2 red hand flares 2 orange smokes • Visibility : Red hand held 7 miles on a clear night • Parachute 28 miles on a clear night • Orange smoke 3 miles in daylight

  45. HELICOPTER RESCUE • Communicate on VHF • Pilot will give exact course under sail or power (Usually wind on port bow) • Brief crew early as too noisy later • Weighted Hi-Line lowered • Earth in sea or on boat before • handling DO NOT MAKE FAST • Pull as directed - stow loosely in bucket • Let diver touch boat before you • touch him Winch wire Beware of down draught Hi-line Diver DO AS YOU ARE TOLD

  46. SAFETY HARNESSES & LIFEJACKETS • WEAR SAFETY HARNESS • If the boat is reefed or would be if hard • on the wind • If sighting & recovery of YOUR BODY • would be difficult - at night, in fog etc. • If about to abandon the vessel Harness lanyard clipped to jackstay allows crew to go forward while secured Harness lanyard clipped to strongpoint in cockpit • WEAR A LIFEJACKET • For dinghy journeys, especially at night • In fog (due to risk of collision) • If about to abandon the vessel

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