History Of Injection

1. History Of Injection Kholoud AlAamer 430201357 Rana AlEdaili 430201242 EbtihalAlShatri 430200826 Heba AlShammari 430202458 Shahd AlShaibi 430200551

2. Early use • 900 A.D.: An Egyptian surgeon Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili devised a thin, hollow glass tube with suction to remove cataracts from patients’ eyes. At that time, syringes were only used to remove objects or fluid from humans, not inject them. • In 1650, Blaise Pascal invented the concept of a syringeas an application of what is now called Pascal’s Law. http://www.milestonescientific.com/about_history.html

3. Mid-1830s: Forms of intravenous injection and infusion were used in the early and mid-1830s to treat cholera by the use of intravenous saline. • The credit for the invention of the hypodermic syringe for medical purposes goes to Doctor Alexander Wood in 1853.  • In the late 1800’s, a prominent surgeon, Doctor William Halstead applied the use of the hypodermic syringe to dentistry, demonstrating that an interstitial injection of aqueous cocaine resulted in an effective inferior alveolar nerve block; that a small amount of anesthetic injected into the trunk of a sensory nerve resulted in a numbing of pain in all of that nerve’s branches. This discovery ushered in a new era of local pain management for both medicine and dentistry.   http://www.milestonescientific.com/about_history.html

4. Absorption of drugs through skin • 1- 19th century • The first procedure ( with Plasters ) • Example: Morphine • The development of the procedure ( solid pellets ) • Coating silk thread • Intravenous vs. hypodermic ( Subcutaneous injections )

5. Common problems with early injections • Addiction • Increased chance of infection. • Hard to transfer agent to injectable solution. • Increased chance of overdose • Scarring of the peripheral veins • Arterial damage http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526154 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_injection#Risks http://www.exchangesupplies.org/article_history_of_injecting_and_development_of_the_syringe.php

6. Development of Injections • Today, science is dedicated to establish an entirely new standard of care for medical injections, to improve the lives of millions of patients around the globe. • Until the1960’s the majority of needles and syringes, were re-useable and were supplied unsterilized which lead to the rise of many health problems. • Throughout the 20th century, the production of precision-made glass and plastic syringes was gradually refined. • Major advancements had been achieved since then. Such as, the production of syringes and needles with interchangeable parts made to exact specifications, rather than as ‘one-off’ items. http://www.exchangesupplies.org/article_history_of_injecting_and_development_of_the_syringe.php http://www.milestonescientific.com/about_history.html

7. Efforts were made to come up with a better way of its use, designed and patented the plastic disposable syringe that we know today. • Nowadays a wide range of safe, disposable syringes is found worldwide. • Needles are: thinner, shorter and sharper, often specially coated for ease of entry and exit. • Self-administration of injectable drugs has certainly become a lot safer and easier, even if it is not the greatest thing to have to do every day. http://www.exchangesupplies.org/article_history_of_injecting_and_development_of_the_syringe.php http://www.milestonescientific.com/about_history.html