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Paragraph 1.2. The Renaissance. People in the Middle Ages knew the stories of the Bible . The first part, the Old Testament had a story about David. This shepherd had killed the giant Goliath by throwing a rock to his head . In 1504 Michelangelo made a statue of this .
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Paragraph 1.2 The Renaissance
People in the MiddleAgesknew the stories of the Bible. • The first part, the Old Testament had a story about David. • Thisshepherd had killed the giant Goliath bythrowing a rock to his head.
In 1504 Michelangelo made a statue of this. • It was revealed in Florence , andpeopleweresurprised: • It lookedalmost real!
Michelangelo had studied the oldGreekand Roman statues. • He startedstudying the human body; he even cut intocorpses! • Artistsstartedto copy the classicalstatues or usethem as anexample. • Why?
Richcitizens • ItaliancitieslikeFlorence, Milan andVenicewere first in the new admirationforclassical art. • They had a lot of richmerchantswithpalazzi ( citypalaces) withnice pieces of art.
The churchwantedallfollowersto have a good life on earthbeforetheywould go toheaven. • = Memento Mori. (Prepareto die) • Richmerchantswantedsomethingelse ; • Theywantedtoenjoytheir time on earth: • = Carpe Diem. ( seize the day)
Greekand Roman writers had the sameidea. • Theirwork was mainlyaboutmankind, natureand beauty. • TheItaliansagreedandadoptedthismentality. • Theygained a different conception of man and the world.
Rebirth • Paintersandartistswantedto match the art andarchitecture of the Greeksand Romans. • Theystudied the human anatomyandnature, sotheycouldimitateit in theirwork.
Lines andcoloursaddeddepthto a painting. • Perspective was usedagain, andpaintingsbecamelifelike. • Theyalsostartedpainting new subjects: notjustthingsfrom the Bible, but alsoGreekmythology or fromdaily life.
In buildings peoplestartedusingGreek/Roman aches, pillarsandfriezesagain. • Around 1500 mentalityand arts fromAntiquityrevived. • We call this the Renaissance. • = rebirth; something’scoming back again.
Renaissance popes • Also the popes read the ideas of classicalAntiquity. • That was remarkable; becausethe churchhad alwaysdetested the Greekand Roman statuesforbeingunchristian ( nakedandnotaboutreligion)
But theydidlike the architecture. • Artists had torevive the old Rome again. • E.g., Raphael: in the papallibrary, he painted: the school of Athens. • An imaginarygathering, but there are a lot of real philosophers on it, like Plato. • But alsostatues of godsandarches.
Humanistsbecome human-centred • Just like the ancientphilosophers, the Renaissance scholarsfocussed on humans. • We call these scholarshumanists. • (= latin, humanitas = humanity) • Tounderstandmankindand the world a bit better, theystartedstudyingGreekand Roman texts.
Humanistsbelievedthatpeoplecouldimprovetheir live usingtheirownstrengthandabilities. • Theirideal was the homo universale • = the universal man. • He is good at everything.
E.g. Leonardo da Vinci; • painting, anatomy, mathsandmusic. • Artistsgot more appreciationfortheirwork.
Spread of the Renaissance • In the 16ecentury the Renaissance spread throughout Europe. • The invention of the printingpress was very important. • Books werenowcopied/printedwith the printingpress in stead of by hand. • It went fasterand was cheaper.
As soon as bookswereprinted, theybecamecheaperandyoucould spread yourideas a lot fasterbyselling the books. • Scholarsfrom the north went toItalianuniversitiestostudy the classicaltexts.
1 of thosescholars was the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus. • He couldreadand translate oldGreek sources of the New Testament. • Whatappeared: the church had added a lot of things, thatwerenot in the Bible. • Erasmus thought a lot of ritualswerenonsence. • The peopleshouldjust lead simplelivesaccordingtofaith. • Thatshouldbeenough.
