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CNS/ATM Developments in Europe A Communications and Surveillance Perspective

CNS/ATM Developments in Europe A Communications and Surveillance Perspective. 3. Dan Hawkes JAA. JAA/FAA International Conference Reykjavik 2003. Scope. An overview of the European strategies for Voice Communications Data Communications Surveillance. VHF Spectrum Capacity.

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CNS/ATM Developments in Europe A Communications and Surveillance Perspective

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  1. CNS/ATMDevelopments in EuropeA Communications and Surveillance Perspective 3 Dan Hawkes JAA JAA/FAA International Conference Reykjavik 2003

  2. Scope • An overview of the European strategies for • Voice Communications • Data Communications • Surveillance

  3. VHF Spectrum Capacity • To meet growing demand for new communication channels, the VHF band has been sub-divided to provide channels at frequency intervals of 8.33kHz. • 26 States of the ICAO European Region have adopted this strategy for airspace above FL 245 on the 31st October 2002.

  4. VHF VHF 8.33 Coverage above FL 245 from October 1999 from October 2002

  5. Demand • At present, there are approximately 10,300 VHF frequency assignments listed in the ICAO COM-2 Table. • Estimates show that demand for about 2,300 new frequency assignments can be expected by 2015. • In Dec 2002, the ICAO EANPG concluded that vertical expansion of 8.33 airspace below the current FL 245 will be needed from 2006 to meet this demand.

  6. > FL195 from 2006 Designated Areas of Controlled Airspace from 2009 TMA-CTR where practical from 2006 ICAO EANPG conclusion 44/40 on 8.33 kHz Vertical Expansion > FL 245 = TODAY Take all practical measures to minimise impact on GA VFR & State Aircraft Conclusion 44/44: If no other solution identified by 2009, may need to expand for all VHF comms in 2016.

  7. Benefit and Impact • With vertical expansion, potential is: • to add 1722 frequency assignments; • satisfy VHF demand to 2015. • Estimated impact on airspace users: • for above FL195, 3500 aircraft affected; • A total of 22,350 aircraft affected. • EUROCONTROL offers an 8.33 kHz Awareness package (CD-ROM, poster, information notice).

  8. Data Communications

  9. Data Communications • Data Link has been shown to reduce workload for ATC and promises increased airspace capacity. • To take advantage of current aircraft equipage and to obtain early experience of data link usage, data link using ARINC 623 ACARS is available at some air traffic centres. • This is a transitional step to data link using VDL mode 2 and the ATN as proposed in the LINK 2000+ programme.

  10. Link 2000+ • LINK 2000+ is a EUROCONTROL programme to introduce data link services for ATC using ICAO VDL mode 2 via the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network. • Aircraft VHF systems capable of VDL mode 2 would need to be carried. • Accommodation of long haul aircraft with FANS 1/A is considered possible subject to resolution of 7 issues (in the avionics, or in the ground system, or in both).

  11. DLIC ACM AMC ACL DCL D-ATIS DSC Data link Initiation Capability (Log-on process). ATC Comms Management (Frequency changes). ATC Stuck Microphone Check ATC Clearances. Departure clearance. Digital Automatic Terminal Information Service. Downstream Clearance. Data Link Services

  12. 2010 (Link 2000+) VDL m2 VDL m2 ACARS over ATN (AOA) ACM ACL AMC DCL DSC & D-ATIS VHF ACARS DCL D-ATIS OCL Data Link Evolution

  13. ACM ACL AMC ACM ACL AMC ACM ACL AMC ACM ACL AMC ACM ACL AMC AMC ACM ACL ACM ACL AMC Plans at Area Control Centres Comms Management ATC Clearances Microphone check 2008 2002 2005

  14. Implementation at Airports DCL D-ATIS DCL D-ATIS DCL D-ATIS DCL DCL D-ATIS DCL D-ATIS DCL D-ATIS DCL D-ATIS DCL D-ATIS DCL D-ATIS 2002 2003 2004 2007 Services are currently based on ACARS but intended to be supplemented with, or replaced by, VDL mode 2.

  15. Data Link Mandate ? Ideas being discussed: • Civil aircraft first issued with a certificate of airworthiness in an ECAC State or elsewhere, on or after 1 January 2008, should be equipped by 1 January 2009. • Civil aircraft first issued with a certificate of airworthiness in an ECAC State or elsewhere, prior to 1 January 2008, should be equipped by 1 January 2014. • Long-haul aircraft exempt.

  16. Surveillance • Surveillance Strategy • Mode S Secondary Radar • Elementary Surveillance • Enhanced Surveillance • Automatic Dependent Surveillance

  17. Surveillance Road-Map for Europe 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Package 2: ADS-B Package I: Ground & Airborne SUR: ADS-B Enhanced Surveillance: Mode S MSSR Elementary Surveillance: Mode S MSSR Primary Surveillance Radars - Major TMAs

  18. Parameter Aircraft Identification Call Sign Mode S Capability Report Pressure Altitude Flight Status Air-Ground Mode S Elementary Surveillance • In accordance with the European Air Traffic Management Plan, implementation has been agreed. • Aircraft will carry a transponder with the capability to down-link aircraft derived data to ATC.

  19. DLH655 A1234 370 VIR021 A4365 390 Elementary Surveillance provides: • Improved tracking and Vertical View. • Improved Short Term Conflict Alert and Flight level monitoring. • Less pollution of the radio spectrum.

  20. Mode S Enhanced Surveillance • The Three States Mode S Enhanced Surveillance Project Master Plan has been published by EUROCONTROL defining the intentions of France, Germany and the United Kingdom. • Enhanced Surveillance can provide safety, efficiency and airspace capacity enhancements. • It has a potential development path to Automatic Dependent Surveillance.

  21. VIR021 A4365 195 190 250 150 DLH655 A1234 110 260 295 180 Mode S Enhanced Surveillance ? • Transmits extraaircraft data to ATC:- • Aircraft heading, speed, selected altitude; plus • Vertical rate, roll angle, ground speed, and true track angle, and track angle rate.

  22. Enhanced Mode S Radar Upper Airspace by end 2007 11

  23. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-BroadcastADS-B

  24. ADS-B Package 1 • Wide consensus in Europe on the applications which will be supported by ADS-B • Package I of ground & airborne surveillance applications defined • No transfer of separation responsibility • Implementations follow a pragmatic step-by-step approach • Expected to bring safety and capacity benefits

  25. Package 1 • Five ground applications for ATC surveillance, airport surveillance. • Seven airborne surveillance applications for airborne traffic situational awareness and airborne spacing. Enabled by ADS-B and using 1090 MHz extended squitter as the initial data link technology

  26. List of Package I Applications • Ground Surveillance applications • ATC Surveillance for en-route airspace • ATC Surveillance in terminal areas • ATC Surveillance in non-radar areas • Airport Surface Surveillance • Aircraft derived data for ground tools • Airborne Surveillance applications • Enhanced Traffic situational awareness on the airport • Enhanced Traffic situational awareness in flight operations • Enhanced visual acquisition for see and avoid • Enhanced successive visual approaches • Enhanced sequencing and merging operations • In-trail procedure in oceanic airspace • Enhanced crossing and passing operations

  27. Beyond Package I • Future applications can be split in two groups • Enhancement of Package I applications • New ground and airborne applications • Includes the transfer of separation responsibility from ground to the flight crew. • Feasibility has yet to be established.

  28. Future Packages ? Package 2 • Enhanced applications from Package 1. • ADS-B as a sole mean of surveillance in high density airspace. • Airborne separation applications. • Airborne self-separation application in low-density airspace. Package 3 • Enhanced applications from Package 2. • Airborne self-separation application in medium/high-density airspace.

  29. Roadmap to ADS-B Implementation Validate Develop Package 1 Plan Early Local Implementations Implement Package 2 + Subsequent Packages Feasibility 2002 2005 2008 2012 Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4

  30. Multi-lateration Surveillance • Ground stations receive Mode S broadcasts then deduce aircraft position on the airport surface. • System trials in progress at some airports e.g. London Heathrow.

  31. Supplementary Information Guidance Material References Useful Web sites Acronyms The Author

  32. Available Guidance Material JAA: TGL No. 7 rev 1: 8.33 VHF Operations. TGL No. 15: Departure Clearance over ACARS. TGL No. tbd: D-ATIS over ACARS. NPA 20-11: Continental Data Link (Link 2000+). TGL No. 8 rev 2: ACAS II Certification. TGL No. 11: ACAS II Training. TGL No. 13 rev 1: Mode S Elementary Surveillance. TGL No. tbd: Mode S Enhanced Surveillance. EUROCONTROL SUR/Mode S/ES 3SP MP: Three States Mode S Enhanced Surveillance Project Master Plan.

  33. JAA Guidance Material: Navigation ACJ 20X 4: Basic RNAV TGL No. 6 rev 1: RVSM TGL No. 9: Database Assurance TGL No. 10: Precision RNAV ACJ 20X tbd: RNP 10 Operations

  34. Obtaining Information: useful Web Sites JAA JAA Publisher EUROCAE • www.jaa.nl • www.avdataworks.com • www.eurocae.org

  35. EUROCONTROL Web sites www.eurocontrol.int/eatmp www.eurocontrol.int/src www.eurocontrol.int/link2000 www.ecacnav.com www.eur-rvsm.com www.eurocontrol.int/mode_s www.eurocontrol.int/surveillance www.eurocontrol.int/ads/

  36. Common Acronyms (2) ACARE Advisory Council on Aeronautical Research in Europe ACARS Aircraft Communication Addressing & Reporting System ACAS Aircraft Collision Avoidance System ACJ Advisory Circular Joint ADS Automatic Dependent Surveillance ADS-A or C Automatic Dependent Surveillance–addressable or Contract ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast ARINC Aeronautical Radio Inc. ASAS Airborne Separation Assistance System ATC Air Traffic Control ATM Air Traffic Management ATN Aeronautical Telecommunications Network CTR Centre EANPG European Air Navigation Planning Group

  37. Common Acronyms (2) ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference EUROCONTROL European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation FAA Federal Aviation Administration FANS Future Air Navigation System (1=Boeing, A=Airbus) GA General Aviation ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation MSSR Monopulse Secondary Search Radar NPA Notice of Proposed amendment RNAV Area Navigation RNP Required Navigation Performance RVSM Reduced Vertical separation Minimum TGL Temporary Guidance Leaflet TMA Terminal Area UAT Universal Access Transceiver VDL VHF Digital Link VFR Visual Flight rules

  38. The Author  Dan Hawkes holds the post of Expert- Avionic Systems and Software Engineering with the UK Civil Aviation Authority where he has worked for the past 33 years. His responsibilities include the development of avionic requirements and standards with special responsibilities for Communication, Navigation, Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) technologies, the certification of aircraft systems, the investigation of in-service problems, and research. He started his career as an airline radio engineer with BOAC (now British Airways) followed by a period when he was employed at the British Aircraft Corporation involved in avionic system commissioning on the prototype Concorde aircraft. More recently, Dan has co-chaired the joint EUROCAE /RTCA committee which produced the software guidelines ED-12B/DO178B. He has been chairman of EUROCAE WG18 (Cockpit Voice Recorders), WG21 (Flight Data Recorders), and the JAA All Weather Operations Study Group. He is currently a member of the EUROCAE Technical Committee, a member of the Joint Aviation Authorities Certification Standardisation Panel, and chairman of the JAA CNS/ATM Steering Group responsible for advising the JAA Regulation Director on actions JAA need to take in response to international airspace developments. JAA/FAA International Conference Reykjavik 2003

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