FUNCTIONS OF INGREDIENTS LESSON 1

1. FUNCTIONS OF INGREDIENTS LESSON 1

2. Lesson 1 Dips • Lesson 13 PRACTICAL Bread and share • Lesson 14 Manufacturing quality and CAD/CAM • Lesson 23 Labelling and packaging • Lesson 24 SECE • Lesson 2 PRACTICAL Dips • Lesson 11 & 12 • Functions of foods • Lesson 15 Equipment • Lesson 22 Acids, alkaline and additives • Lesson 25 Technological Developments - NANO Lesson 10 Research Techniques • Lesson 3 Dips • Lesson 16 PRACTICAL Cultural breads • Lesson 21 Combining ingredients and structures • Lesson 26 & 27 PRACTICE EXAM BIG PICTURE OF EXAM PREP SHEET LESSONS • Lesson 4 & 5 Safe storage • Lesson 8 & 9 Design exam Questions • Lesson 17 Prototypes and sensory testing • Lesson 20 PRACTICAL Pastry twist development • Lesson 6 Standard components • Lesson 7 PRACTICAL Bread sticks • Lesson 18 Nutrition and healthy Eating • Lesson 19 Nutrition and healthy Eating

3. Objectives • To know the functional properties of starch, sugar, protein and fat • To examine the use of starch, sugar, protein and fat within products • To be able to recall the functional properties of sugar, protein and fat and starch

4. STARTER • What starchy foods can you name?

5. What is starch? • Found in bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, pulses and breakfast cereals. They keep our blood sugar levels constant.√ Starch is a polysaccharide made up for glucose units. We call this a carbohydrate. √ Carbohydrates help fill is up so we are less likely to crave for high fat snacks. √

6. More about Starch • Our DRV (Dietary )reference Value for starch is 39% of our energy. • What does this mean we should be eating? • Can you think of examples of products that would help provide this? • Lets break this down into high levels and low levels

7. Which is high an which is low? • White bread • Wholemeal bread • Beans • Lentils • White flour • Cornflakes • White pasta • Wholemeal pasta • Weetabix

8. How starch is used in foods? • Modified starch has the WOW factor for manufacturers in the food industry. • Can be used to thicken a custard instantly. • Thicken low calorie salad dressings. • Have you ever made angel delight packet mix at home? It thickens instantly!

9. Dem • Who is going to give us a dem on the use of modified starch in angel delight? • Look at the packet who can spot the ingredient modified starch?

10. Heating starch Gelatinization – say this 3 times now say it to someone else. It means the process for thickening e.g soups and sauces. How does it work? The starch is heated in a liquid it makes the starch granuels swollen and burst which thickens the liquid. (Think of a white sauce) Have you ever made a lumpy, flour tasting sauce before – yuk Gelatinization did not take place Properly so you need correct amount of liquid and temp.

11. FILL IN THE CHART

12. FILL IN THE CHART

13. FATS AND OILS Who can tell me why we need to watch our fat Intake?

14. FAT INTAKE • Butter contains 80% fat. Too much fat in the diet leads to obesity and high levels of cholesterol which contributes to Corononary hear disease. Butter is a SATURATED fat Can you sort which is saturated fat and which is vegetable fats?

15. Which are animal or vegetable fats. • Sunflower • Olive • Soya bean • Ghee • Butter • Peanut oil • Dripping • Suet • Lard

16. Function of fat in cooking

17. Function of fat in cooking

18. MORE ABOUT EMULSIFY • When you make mayonnaise the oil and water would separate. Oil on the top and water underneath. To stop this happening and emulsifieris used so they mix together. In mayonnaise it is egg yolk (LECITHIN) which does this job.

19. SUGAR – SUGAR - SUGAR • Who adds sugar to tea/coffee/breakfast cereals? Why do we do this? • Which do you add? • Granulated – sweetens tea/breakfast cereals • Caster sugar – finer used in biscuit making • Icing sugar – used for icings • Brown sugar – stronger flavour for gingerbread and melting mixtures.

20. In industry sugar is added to many products to improve the properties.

21. WHERE DOES SUGAR COME FROM? • Sugar is made from sugar beet or cane. • The beet or can is crushed and mixed with water and then the liquid is boiled to make sugar crystals.

22. FUNCTIONS OF SUGAR • biscuits – sweetness, colour, texture, volume • Jam – preservative, sets the fruit, texture • Cooked fruit – sweeten help keep the shape • Bread- speeds fermentation – food for yeast • Cakes – sugar helps the fat to lighten • Baked beans/canned veg – to help the flavour • Look at the list are there any you are surprised about?

23. ARTIFICIAL SWEETNERS • Key ones to remember – used to sweeten drinks and products. • Sorbitol • Mannitol • Hydrogenated Glucose syrup • Saccharine • Aspartame

24. SUGAR TRANSORMATIONS • Which is which • DEXTRINISATIONCARAMELISATION • Sugar is heated to a high temperature, it thickens and turns brown to give that desired flavour which is................................. • When bread is grilled the starch turns to a simple sugar called .................................

25. FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN • Eggs is one of the main sources of protein that is useful in cooking. • Eggs in cake making/ • AERATION- what does this mean to you? • COAGULATION • EMULSIFICATION

26. AERATION – swiss roll • Whisking the egg............. stretches the protein and makes air bubbles which creates a foam. • This foam keeps stable because all of your whisking has made heat and partially coagulated it. √ • Can you remember writing your name in the foam?

27. COAGULATION - SETTING • Think of your quiche setting. (Coagulation) √ • Eggs set when heated. • Eggs are used to thicken, bind and coat. Have you made fish cakes or coated fish with egg to form a coat for your breadcrumbs? • TEMPERATURE CHECK • Egg yolk protein coagulates at 70c √ • Egg white protein coagulates at 60c √

28. USES OF EGGS • Garnish salad √ • Glaze on scones/pastries √ • Coagulation /lemon meringue, egg custard • Emulsify salad dressings √ • Aeration in meringues, swiss rolls, mousse √

29. REVIEW • Split into 4 groups. • Each table will be an expert on either • Sugar √ • Fat √ • Protein √ • Starch √ • Each table to give a review and share with group.