CANADA

1. CANADA Geographic Features Standards: SS6G5 The student will locate selected features of Canada. a. Locate on a world and regional political-physical map: the St. Lawrence River, Hudson Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the Great Lakes, Canadian Shield, and Rocky Mountains. SS6G6 The student will explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution on Canada. a. Describe how Canada’s location, climate, and natural resources have affected where people live. b. Describe how Canada’s location, climate, and natural resources impact trade. SS6G7 The student will discuss environmental issues in Canada. a. Explain the major environmental concerns of Canada regarding acid rain and pollution of the Great Lakes, the extraction and use of natural resources on the Canadian Shield, and timber resources.

2. Geographic features • Canada is the second largest country on Earth. • Only Russia is bigger. • The United States boarders Canada to the south.

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4. Canada’s climate • Because of its size, Canada’s climate ranges from artic-like temperatures in its northernmost regions to milder temperatures in southern portions of the country. • However even in the South Canada has very cold winters.

5. tundra • Means - frozen ground • Covers much of northern Canada • Temperatures in the tundra stay below freezing year round. • Ice and snow continually cover the ground. • Because the conditions are so harsh, few people live in the frozen tundra

7. Canada’s Southernmost region • Enjoy a milder climate with distinct seasons • Most of Canada’s population lives in the southern portion of the country because the climate is more bearable • Still, because of its location, Canada experiences very cold winters and mild-to-cool summers throughout the country

8. Major bodies of water • The Pacific Ocean lies along Canada’s western coast. • The Atlantic Ocean borders Canada to the east. • The Artic Ocean borders Canada to the north. • To the northwest lies the state of Alaska. • FIVE freshwater lakes make up the Great Lakes • Lake Superior • Lake Huron • Lake Michigan • Lake Erie • Lake Ontario • The St. Lawrence river runs inland into southeast Canada • Much of Canada’s northeast coast lines the Hudson Bay

9. Rocky Mountains • The Rocky Mountains begin in the southwestern United States and run thousands of miles into Canada • They stretch all the way to Alaska • The Rockies are a major mountain range separating eastern and western Canada

11. The Canadian shield • Is a region covering much of northern and eastern Canada • It contains an abundance of mineral ores, such as gold, silver, copper, and nickel • A great deal of mining activity to extract these resources goes on in the Canadian Shield

13. Geography's impact on Canadians and trade

14. Cities and populations • A country’s location, climate, and available natural resources have a lot of impact on its population and economy. • Today, most Canadians live in urban areas (cities). • Geography has played a major role in determining where cities formed. • Most major Canadian cities grew up along rivers, coasts, and other waterways. • They allow people to travel and engage in trade.

16. Location and Canada's economy • Canada’s location has also helped it develop economically. • Many of its cities are home to modern industries that provide jobs and bring money into the Canadian economy. • Canada and the United States have signed free-trade agreements, allowing each nation to conduct business with each other without having to pay special taxes.

17. Natural resources • Vast forest regions enable Canada to profit from a valuable timber industry. • Oil exports also make the country one of the world’s leading suppliers of petroleum. • Canada is a world leader in agriculture production. • In northern Canada, where harsh temperatures make farming difficult, many towns rely on mining industries that extract Canada's rich mineral deposits.

18. Environmental issues facing Canada

19. Acid rain • Because Canada is economically developed, it has a lot of modern industries. • Industrial activity can produce pollution. • Modern factories sometimes pollute the air and water. • Such pollution can cause acid rain. • Acid rain occurs when pollutants are trapped in the air and fall back to the earth in rain showers.

20. Protecting the great lakes • Along with the United State, Canada strives to keep the Great Lakes clean. • These lakes provide sources of water and recreation. • Therefore, both nations have a huge interest in keeping them free of pollution.

22. Protecting forests • Canada also looks for ways to limit damage caused by its timber industry. • Canada has a vast amount of forestland. • Canadian timber is used to manufacture goods and trade with other countries.

24. Extraction on the Canadian shield • Environmentalists are concerned about the effects of extraction on the Canadian Shield. • Extraction is the process of removing natural resources so they can be used to meet human needs. • When the oil companies drill for oil or mining companies dig for precious metals, they are extracting natural resources.

25. POP quiz Geography of Canada

26. Question 1 • Which of the following is a region rich in mineral ores that many fear is suffering from the effects of extraction? • The tundra • Hudson Bay • The Canadian Shield • Alaska

27. Question 2 • Which of the following can be a negative effect of urban industries? • Freezing temperatures year round • Trade • Natural resources • Acid rain

28. Question 3 • A ship carrying cargo from Vancouver to the Caribbean would likely sail through the • Hudson Bay • St. Lawrence River • Panama Canal • Great Lakes

29. Question 4 • Based on what you have learned about how geography impacts populations, what would you expect to find in the areas marked “X”? • Mountains • Cities • Deserts • Tundras × × ×

30. Question 5 • Why are environmentalists concerned about the effects of extraction on the Canadian Shield? • They are afraid that extraction is damaging the environment. • They fear that not enough extraction is going to save the environment. • They want more extraction to occur in hopes it will make people aware of environmental problems. • They are afraid extraction will lessen the amount of acid rain.