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Que sera sera

Delve into the debate of determinism versus indeterminism with a focus on future truth values and logical necessity. Explore the principles of historical and physical fixity, while analyzing the implications of statements about the past, present, and future. Navigate through trivalent logic and its impact on truth values, as well as the complexities of branching futures and past-future symmetry. Examine fallacies related to logical entailment and truth values affected by knowledge or the speaker’s state of mind. Clarify the distinction between necessary truths and propositions independent of time considerations.

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Que sera sera

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  1. Que sera sera What will be will be Robert Stone

  2. 1. Sentences assumed to have unambiguous meaning2. Neutral between determinism and indeterminsim

  3. p = any propositionN = It is necessary thatT = It is true that⊃ = implies (if . . . then . . .) N(p⊃Tp)N(Tp⊃p)

  4. p = Trump will win a second term N(Tp⊃p) N(not-Tp⊃ not-p) Does this mean Trump is bound to win (or not win) a second term?

  5. N(p or not-p) = Law of excluded middleN[not(p and not-p)] = Law of contradiction Trump either will or won’t win a second term. Trump will not both win and not win a second term.

  6. But you knew I was going to do it! Does God know the truth of future statements, and, if so, does that mean the future is fixed?

  7. 1. Historical fixedness: what’s done cannot be undone2. Physical necessity (Aristotle)3. Logical necessity v contingency Not to be confused!

  8. CS Peirce “Trump will win a second term” 1. False now 2. True (or false) when we know the result of the election in 2020

  9. Trivalent logic 3 truth-values: TRUE (1) FALSE (0) INDETERMINATE (½)

  10. If ‘p’ = ½and ‘not-p’ = ½then ‘p or not-p’ = ½ But it seems N(p or not-p) must be true

  11. MacFarlane“There will be a meeting in Trier in Nov 2018” from a-context of 2015, neither true nor false from a-context of 2018, true

  12. Statements about past and present:their truth-value is in no way dependent on either (a) the knowledge of the speaker or (b) the justifiability of the belief

  13. The branching future

  14. The thin red line

  15. Branching past and future

  16. Two thin red lines

  17. Past-future symmetry

  18. Past and future symmetry1. Infinite possibilities branching in both directions2. Statements about both are contingent on things in the world3. Every statement must be either true or false4. If p, then p5. If it is true that p, then p6. The truth of p may be known or unknown7. The truth of p entails p, but does not cause it8. You can’t change the past . . . or the future

  19. 3 fallacies1. Logical entailment = cause2. Truth-value is affected by knowledge3. Truth-value is affected by the speaker’s state of mind

  20. N(p⊃p) is not the same as p⊃Np, i.e. [N(p⊃p) ⊃ [p⊃Np] is wrongN(Tp⊃p) is not the same as Tp⊃Np, i.e. [N(Tp⊃p)] ⊃[Tp⊃Np] is wrong‘It is a necessary truth that, if p, then p’ does not mean ‘If p, then it is a necessary truth that p’

  21. Four features of any proposition, which are quite independent of each other:true or false necessary or contingent known or unknown past, present, or future

  22. It wasn’t my fault!

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