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Morphology & the mental lexicon DAY 25 – Oct 25, 2013

Morphology & the mental lexicon DAY 25 – Oct 25, 2013. Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI 4110-4891-6110 Harry Howard Tulane University. Course organization. The syllabus, these slides and my recordings are available at http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/LING4110/ .

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Morphology & the mental lexicon DAY 25 – Oct 25, 2013

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  1. Morphology & the mental lexiconDAY 25 – Oct 25, 2013 Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI 4110-4891-6110 Harry Howard Tulane University

  2. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Course organization • The syllabus, these slides and my recordings are available at http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/LING4110/. • If you want to learn more about EEG and neurolinguistics, you are welcome to participate in my lab. This is also a good way to get started on an honor's thesis. • The grades are posted to Blackboard.

  3. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Review

  4. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Summary of lateralization of phonology

  5. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University A theory of how the brain works • The five theories of the lateralization of phonology that we have reviewed gradually converge towards lateralization as a kind of calculation or computation.

  6. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University A neuron as a computation, if not a calculation dendrite a dendrite b dendrite c dendrite d axon

  7. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Morphology & the mental lexicon Ingram: III. Lexical semantics, §9.

  8. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Linguistic model, Fig. 2.1 p. 37 Discourse model Semantics Sentence level Syntax Sentence prosody Word level Morphology Word prosody Segmental phonology perception Segmental phonology production Acoustic phonetics Feature extraction Articulatory phonetics Speech motor control INPUT

  9. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Dual-route model meaning verb + past tense morphological analysis /di.paɹ.t + ɪd/ compositional route lexical route phonological input /di.paɹ.tɪd/ /wɪnt/

  10. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University What is a word? • Phonologically • a spike in the level of uncertainty as to what the next sound will be • d • o • g • ? • Semantically • that is the topic of this chapter

  11. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Morphological decomposition • Recall that words can be analyzed in terms of inflection & derivation • inflection: cats > cat+s, sleeping > sleep+ing • derivation: government > govern+ment • argument • detriment • department

  12. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Form-frequency relations in English past tenseTable 1.9 These relations generalize to other morphemes and other languages, eg. tack~tacks, knife~knives, ox~oxen. Can one learning model account for all three, or is a dual-route model necessary, or perhaps even a triple-route model?

  13. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University What does ‘to prime the pump’ mean? • What is priming in psychology? • ‘the facilitatory effect that presentation of an item can have on the response to a subsequent item’ • usually measured in terms of reaction time

  14. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University An example of primingTable 9.2

  15. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University What causes the priming effect?Table 9.3 Answer: The semantic relationship.

  16. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University What causes the priming effect?Table 9.4

  17. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University A little too early • The previous experiment suggests that prefixes and suffixes are processed differently. • I want to introduce a model of word semantics first, and then we will return to this issue. • Ingram has a good summary of a PET and a MEG experiment on morphological processing. • MEG is more informative, but to understand the results, we need to wait until we have discussed Broca’s area.

  18. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University NEXT TIME Q7 Start word semantics

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