Do Now

1. Do Now Grab Agenda 7:8 (Weebly or Out Box) and turn in your SAS Worksheet. Read the story below (or on your Agenda) and consider the questions that follow. I wish you could see my passage [entry hall] sometimes. The other day when I set off to pay George a visit I could not help thinking how strange it would have seemed at home. It was a rainy day, so all the servants were at home. The two tailors were sitting in one window, making a new gown for me, and Rosina by them chopping up her betel-nut; at the opposite window were my two Dacca embroiderers working at a large frame, and the sentry, in an ecstasy of admiration mounting guard over them. There was the bearer standing upright, in a sweet sleep, pulling away at my punkah [canvas fan]. My own five servants were sitting in a circle, with an English spelling-book, which they were learning by heart; and my jemadar [head of household staff] who, out of compliment to me, has taken to draw, was sketching a bird. [My dog] Chance’s servant was waiting at the end of the passage for his “little excellency” to go out walking, and a Chinese was waiting with some rolls of satin that he had brought to show. This is from a letter written by Miss Eden, living in British India. 1. According to this passage, what benefits do British citizens have living in India? 2. Why, do you think, the British might consider imperialism a benefit to Indian citizens?

2. Objective:India WHII.9d and e TSWDK of the effects of the Industrial Revolution during the 19th century by explaining the rise of industrial economics and their link to imperialism, and by assessing the impact of European economic and military power on Asia and Africa, with emphasis on the competition for resources and the responses of colonized people.

3. India • What’s been going on in India? • British rule

4. What’s been going on in India? Imperialism • Industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand their economies. India produced an abundance of tea, making it a lucrative resource. • British East India Company became the key importer of tea from India Mughal Empire • India was Hindu; the Mughals introduced Islam. Leaving two major religions in India: Hinduism and Islam. • Mughal power has declined over the years, bringing anarchy to the region.

5. What’s been going on in India? British East India Company • Stepped in in 1818 to become the region’s police force. • Administration of the subcontinent (India) was divided into two sections: • Ruled directly by London • Ruled by the local dynasties under British supervision • British East India Company still served as the region’s police force, giving them enormous control over the lives of millions of people… which could be abused. • In 1773 and 1784, British Parliament enacted legislation that give it power to control company policies and appoint the governor-general, the highest company official in India.

6. British Rule Life was better • The practice of widows burning themselves on the funeral pyres of their deceased husbands was now prohibited. • The practice of killing female infants was now prohibited. • Steps were taken to end the seclusion of women from society. • Secret police force stopped banditry (robbery by group) and thuggee (murder by group). • The British introduced a comprehensive, multilevel educational system.

7. British Rule Sepoy Rebellion • In 1857, Indian troops (called sepoys) started an uprising over a rumor of government disrespect of both Hindus and Muslims. • The British maintained control over many of the areas but there was fierce fighting in some areas. • The British were successful in putting down the rebellion, thus finally ending rule by the local dynasties. • Significance: The British now ruled all of India, also ending the East India Company’s 258 year rule.

8. British Rule Resentment • India was governed by and for the British people, who viewed themselves as the only people able to rule. • And yet Indian youths were angry. Why? • The British educated the Indians in order to instill in them English pride, and therefore loyalty. As Indians learned the history of the rise of self-government in England, their desire for political freedom in their own land grew. • The system of British control prevented Indians from rising above a certain level (social mobility was possible but the Indians were not on the same social ladder as the British). • At the same time, newly educated Indian youths, for social and cultural reasons, disdained manual labor. • The result was a pool of thousands of frustrated and unemployed educated Indian youths who turned angrily against the government.

9. British Rule Resentment (continued) • Resentment against British rule led to the rapid growth of the Indian nationalist movement. • In 1885 the Indian National Congress (a political party) was formed to give Indians a voice in government. • More services, such as education, were made more available to Indians. • Dissatisfaction among the Indian population remained and the protests grew. The British responded to the spread of violence with a major shift in policy between 1907 and 1909. • Indians were given some more political rights. • This, among other concessions, worked for a while… (to be continued…)

10. Conclusion • Industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand their economies. • European economic, military, and political power forced colonized countries to trade on European terms. • Industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets and displaced their traditional industries. • Colonized peoples resisted European domination and responded in diverse ways to Western influence. India responded with the rise of nationalism.