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Physical Description: 5’10”… Stocky build

Physical Description: 5’10”… Stocky build. Personality: Simple, direct… favored the underdog. Rather be with friends than “Washington high society”…. Birth: Dec. 29, 1808 Raleigh, N. Carolina. Parents: Father: Jacob Johnson…Poor, dies when Andrew is 3 years old

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Physical Description: 5’10”… Stocky build

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  1. Physical Description: 5’10”… Stocky build Personality: Simple, direct… favored the underdog. Rather be with friends than “Washington high society”… Birth:Dec. 29, 1808 Raleigh, N. Carolina Parents: Father: Jacob Johnson…Poor, dies when Andrew is 3 years old Mother: Mary “Polly” does remarry Childhood: grew-up very poor…hired out as an indentured servant. At the age of 14 runs away… Moves to Tennessee with mother & step-father. At age 17 opens up his own tailor shop. Education: Did not spend 1 day in school, Taught himself (help from wife) Marriage: Eliza McCardle (he was 18, she was 16) on May 7, 1827 They had 5 children…

  2. Military Service:Civil War… Military Governor of Tennessee Career Before Presidency: Mayor of Greenville, Tennessee: 1830 – 1833 Tennessee House of Representative: 1835 - 37, 1839 – 41 Democrat and supporter of Martin Van Buren Tennessee State Senator: 1841 – 43 wanted to create a new State called “Frankland” (out of: Tenn., Virg. ,N. C & Georgia) Governor of Tennessee: 1853 – 57 Starts state public schools Supports Stephen Douglas & Kansas/Nebraska Act United States Senator: 1857 – 62 Democrat He defended slavery and Fugitive Slave Act Only Southern Senator to denounce succession…Keeps his seat when Tennessee leaves the Union. Considered a traitor in South…Hero in the North Major support of Abe Lincoln. Military Governor of Tennessee: 1862 – 64 Major job: to bring Tennessee back to the Union By the end of the War has restored civil government Vice-President (only 3 months) Replaced Hannibal Hamlin in 1864 election Takes a drink before oath as V.P. people think he is a drunk Takes oath for President on April 15, 1865

  3. President Johnson’s administration Succeeding to the presidency after Lincoln's death, Johnson failed to provide the nation with enlightened leadership, or deal effectively with Congress. Racism prevented him from responding to black demands for civil rights, and personal inflexibility rendered him unable to compromise with Congress. Biggest problem is “RECONSTRUCTION” Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction: 1. As soon as 10% of a Confederated state took an oath of loyalty civil government would be restored 2. All persons except high ranking Confederate officials would receive pardons 3. Lincoln said “The South never left the Union” sooooo it is the President’s job to deal with the States. 4. Lincoln wanted the Nation to return back to normal as soon as possible… Reason for generous terms… “With malice towards none, and charity for all…”

  4. A MAJORITY OF THE REPUBLICANS IN CONGRESS DISAGREE! WHY????? Reasons mixed… Some wanted more done for the ex-slaves Some afraid Democrat’s would gain power & challenge Republicans Some just wanted REVENGE… These anti-Lincoln groups became known as the: RADICAL REPUBLICANS Their Plan for reconstruction was called the WADE – DAVIS BILL 1. President would pick a governor for each Confederate State. 2. When a majority of people (whites) took an oath, the governor would call for a constitutional convention. 3. The New Constitution would have to say - NO Confederate military or civil officer could hold office - All SLAVERY had to be ABOLISHED! DAVIS WADE Lincoln vetoes this bill!

  5. PROBLEM: Lincoln dies before issue is settled President Johnson has a reconstruction plan of his own… a combination of Lincoln’s & Wade – Davis Bill President appoints a governor Governor picks the delegates to a Constitutional Convention. NO military or civil officials who owned more than $20,000 in property could participate in government. Slavery had to be abolished 5. All Confederate debts would be void.. By December of 1865… All ex-confederated states (except Texas) had complied with Johnson’s plan…. When the Southerners came to claim their seats in Congress the Radical Republicans refused to seat them… REASONS:1. Many ex-confederate military & civil officials were elected 2. Southern governments enacted “Black Codes” which limited the freedom of blacks in the South… 3. The Radical Republicans thought South trying to re-establish SLAVERY!!!!

  6. RADICIAL REPUBLICANS TAKE OVER… First they created the: FREEDMAN’S BUREAU This gave Blacks: food, clothes, schools, land… With NO southern democrats in Congress… Radical Republicans had complete control & could overrule the Presidents veto!!! Congress passed a Civil Rights Law that granted citizenship to former slaves… President Johnson will try to campaign against Radical Republicans in the Congressional Election of 1866… HE FAILS!!! In 1867… Radical Republicans take over RECONSTRUCTION… The former Confederate States were divided into 5 military districts Each district controlled by a military governor Blacks could vote for new State Constitutions Opens door for “Carpet Baggers” (N-S)& “Scalawags” (S-support) 4. Ex-Confederate military & civil officials could not. 5. Constitution gave Blacks the right to vote& hold property 6. Also had to ratify the 14th Amendment… Citizenship to blacks 7. ALL this had to be done in order to rejoin the UNION!!!!

  7. RADICAL REPUBLICANS ARE NOW OUT OF CONTROL… 1ST They try to take over the Army with the: COMMAND OF ARMY ACT The President could not issue orders without the consent of Congress 2nd They pass the TENURE OF OFFICE ACT Said: Any official appointed by the President and approved by Senate could not be removed without Senate approval… (reason is to save Secretary of War Edwin Stanton) Johnson challenges the Tenure of Office Act by firing Stanton!!! The Radical Republicans take up the challenge and will try to remove PRESIDENT JOHNSON The House of Representatives will IMPEACH President Johnson on the charges of 11 counts of “high crimes and misdemeanors” The trial in the Senate will begin on March 13, 1867 & will last 2 months

  8. It would take the vote of 36 Senators to remove the President On May 16, the vote was taken….. 7 Republicans refused to vote against President Johnson… So by a vote of 35 to 19…President Johnson is found NOT GUILTY!!! All other charges were dropped as well

  9. The most valuable achievement of the Johnson administration was the acquisition of ALASKA!!! In 1867… Secretary of State Seward purchased Alaska from Russia for $7,000,000. 586,412 square miles = 2 cents per acre It was called “Seward’s Folly” & “Seward’s Ice-box”

  10. RETIREMENT OF PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON Johnson was denied his parties re-nomination in the election of 1868 Does not attend Grant’s inauguration Returns home to Greenville, Tennessee Welcomed as a HERO!!! In 1875…Andrew Johnson is elected to the United States Senate (Only former President to do so) Johnson makes one speech: denouncing the reconstruction of the Radical Republicans… He gets a standing ovation!!!! On July 31, 1875…The66 year old former President dies of a stroke

  11. Your Assignment…explain the similarities and differences between the 3 plans (Lincoln’s, Wade-Davis, and Johnson’s) introduced in our notes in a 3 way venn diagram.

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