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Security Architecture Frameworks for Trusted Computing Systems

Explore the principles of security architecture, trusted computing bases, and enterprise security frameworks. Learn how to balance requirements, manage IT risk, and align business objectives with security practices for a robust system design.

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Security Architecture Frameworks for Trusted Computing Systems

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  1. ISA 562Internet Security Theory & Practice Domain5: Security Architecture & Design

  2. Objectives Security Architecture Description and benefits Definition of Trusted Computing Base (TCB) System level and Enterprise Security Architectures Trusted Systems 2

  3. Introduction • Security architecture describes how system security is put together to satisfy security requirements. • Balance requirements among capability, flexibility, , security, performance…etc • Security architecture is one aspect of the overall system architecture • Security requirements are • Not added steps to the development process • Instead, specifications or guidelines influencing the life cycle 3

  4. Major Concepts • Security related terminology • ISMS ( Information Security Management System) • ISA ( Information Security Architecture) • Trusted Computing Base (TCB) • Security models • Enterprise Security Architecture • Main objectives in any enterprise security architecture • Guidance • Aligning business and security objectives • Using security best practices 4

  5. Major Concepts • Benefits • Manage IT risk at a reduced cost • Interoperability, integration and ease-of-access. • Components • Architecture model • Language to be used • Using an architectural framework • Perspectives • People, process & Technology 5

  6. Process framework for a Security Architecture 6

  7. Good and bad architecting • Good security architecture • Strategic, holistic, allows multiple implementations. • Manages the processes of architecting, Solution implementation, Compliance and Monitoring • Signs of poor architectural planning • No support for new business services • Prone to security breaches and vulnerabilities • Poor understanding of security goals and objectives 7

  8. A High-Level Design 8

  9. Enterprise Architecture Frameworks • PDCA Approach ( ISO 17799 or ISO 27001 ) • TQM and ISO 9001:2000 • Total Quality Management 9

  10. Enterprise Architecture Frameworks • What is an ISMS? • ISMS stands for Information Security Management System. • What is it for? • Incorporates process into business that • Influence the quality of the system • Increase product and service quality • Aligns process objectives with business objectives • Implementing an ISMS • Define the information security policy • Define the Scope of ISMS will coverage • Go through a security Risk assessment • Identify the risks and manage them • Select security controls • Prepare a statement of applicability 10

  11. Enterprise Architecture Frameworks - 1 • Zachman Framework • Aligns business and IT objectives • ITIL (Information technology infrastructure Library) • Published in the UK and knows as the British Standard 15000 • IT Services delivery • COBIT (Control Objectives for information Technology) • Emphasizes regularity compliance • Basel II (Financial Risk Management Framework) • Establishes basic requirements for risk management • Guarantees financial stability standards 11

  12. Enterprise Architecture Frameworks - 2 • Six Sigma (process variance control framework) • Data driven and measurement based • DMAIC • DMADV • COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations) • The importance of Identifying and managing risk • CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) • Based on TQM • Improving process • Different Maturity levels 12

  13. System Level Architectural Concepts • Components which provide basic security services • Integrity of computing processes • Controlled access to system resources • Predictable computing services • Two types of components • Hardware • Software • Computer layers include • End user • Application which sits on top of • Utilities that sit on top of • Operating systems which sits on top of • Hardware 13

  14. System Level Architectural Concepts - 1 • Some of the operating system services are • Process execution • Input and output processing • Error detection and handling • Communication • Security kernel provides critical security services • CPU - two different privilege states • Supervisor state where system programs execute • Application state where application programs and non-privileged programs execute • Process states • Stopped , running, waiting , etc 14

  15. System Level Architecture Concepts -2 • Applications • Current applications are portable and execute in a multi-threaded OS. • System approaches • Open or Closed systems • Single level or multi-level systems • System architectures • Centralized vs. Distributed 15

  16. System Level Architecture Concepts -3 • Memory management requirements • Protection: users cannot generate address, users can share access, etc • Relocation and Sharing • Logical and Physical organization • Memory Addressing • Logical: requires translation to a physical address • Relative: location relative to known point ( ex: array) • Physical: absolute address or actual location 16

  17. System Level Architecture Concepts - 4 • Virtual memory • A process uses more memory than what is available in the physical memory • Limited by swap space on disk • Uses the concept of pages and segments • I/O • Inter-process communication which involves locating and relocation data and instructions between a number of storage facilities (I/O controller, managing memory, etc) 17

  18. Basic System Security Concepts • Trusted Computing base (TCB) • Includes all the components and their operating processes and procedures that ensure the security policy of the organization is enforced • It should also be simple and testable • Enforces security policy • Monitors • Process activation • Execution Domain Switching • Memory protection • Input/output Operations 18

  19. Basic System Security Concepts • Objects that require protection • Anything on the system such as: Memory, Operating system tables, Directory files, Data structures, etc • Reference Monitor Concept • Abstract machine • Tamperproof • Verifiable • Always invoked (cannot bypass) • Includes • Subjects and objects • What is a Security Kernel? • Hardware, firmware, and software elements of a trusted computing base that implements the reference monitor 19

  20. Establishing Confidence in Trusted Systems • Evaluation criteria are standardized methods for establishing confidence that products satisfy the functional and assurance requirements of the organization • Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) – The Orange book (1983-1999) • Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria (ITSEC) (1991-2001) • Federal criteria 1992 • FIPS 140-1 of 1994 and FIPS-2 of 2001 • Common Criteria (ISO 15408) (1998-present) 20

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