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BN501 Session 5: Historical foundations of New Zealand society. Session outcomes. At the end of this session students will be able to: Describe historical factors leading to the Treaty of Waitangi Discuss the Treaty of Waitangi and its impact on contemporary NZ
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BN501 Session 5: Historical foundations of New Zealand society
Session outcomes At the end of this session students will be able to: • Describe historical factors leading to the Treaty of Waitangi • Discuss the Treaty of Waitangi and its impact on contemporary NZ • Explore the relationship between the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and nursing practice • Discuss their understanding of the relationship between culture and health
First settlement . R. Howe. 'Ideas of Māori origins', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 24-Sep-11 http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/ideas-of-maori-origins
Pre-1840 • Ethnocentrism and racism dominated • European belief in their ‘civilizing mission’ • Indigenous populations subjected to European rule • Negative and often devastating effects on indigenous peoples.
Declaration of Independence: (1835) Busby (British Resident) – drew it up- possibly without authority Reasons: • Competition– perceived French threat of annexation • 34 northern chiefs signed – Confederation of United Tribes • 4 clauses • Signed & gazetted in England 1836 • Sovereign nation (power with Maori chiefs)
Pre Treaty: Problems becoming evident • Law and order • Land speculation • Humanitarian pressure on British Govt • Systematic colonisation (Wakefield) • *Declaration of Independence • 1837 in response to Reports of problems Hobson visited on behalf of Australian Governor Suggestions from Hobson & Busby that “something” needed to be done (Annex some of NZ)
Responding to problems:1840 Appointed: Captain Hobson as Consul Mission: To negotiate for the sovereignty of New Zealand Set up a British colony
In the English version: • Māori cede the sovereignty of New Zealand to Britain • Māori give the Crown an exclusive right to buy lands they wish to sell, and, in return, are • guaranteed full rights of ownership of their lands, forests, fisheries and other possessions; • Māori are given the rights and privileges of British subjects
In the Māori version: • the word ‘sovereignty’ was translated as ‘kawanatanga’ (governance). Māori believed they were giving up government over their lands but retaining the right to manage their own affairs. • The English version guaranteed ‘undisturbed possession’ of all their ‘properties’, but the Māori version guaranteed ‘tinorangatiratanga’ (full authority) over ‘taonga’ (treasures, which may be intangible).
After the treaty... WiremuTamihanaTarapipipi called for a Maori role in the governance of their own affairs.
Kingitanga – the King movement Tawhiao's residence at Whatiwhatihoe, under Mt Pirongia. http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/the-kings-residence-pirongia
Conflicts over land • The Wairau confrontation: 1843 • The Northern War - 1845-46 • The Wellington – Hutt War 1846 • Wanganui War - 1847-48 • Taranaki: 1860 • Waikato: July 1863 • Central – South Taranaki 1863-69 • Tauranga 1864
Issues over land • Native Lands Act of 1862 • New Zealand Settlements Act 1863 • Native Land Court was created in 1865 • Public Works Lands Act 1864 • Native Land Act 1873
References Durie, M. (1998). Whaiora(2nd ed.).Auckland: Oxford University Press. Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology (4th ed.). Oxford: Polity Press. Keenan, D., (n.d.). Nga Pakanga Whenua O Mua., Retrieved 19 May 2012 from http://www.newzealandwars.co.nz/index.html New Zealand History Online. http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/ State Services Commission. (2005). All about the Treaty. Wellington: Author. State Services Commission. (2005). The story of the Treaty: Part 1. Wellington: Author. State Services Commission. (2005). The story of the Treaty: Part 2. Wellington: Author. State Services Commission. (2004). Timeline of the Treaty. Wellington: Author. State Services Commission. (2005). The journey of the Treaty. Wellington: Author. The encyclopaedia of New Zealand. http://www.teara.govt.nz/en Wepa, D. (Ed.). (2005). Cultural safety in Aotearoa New Zealand. Auckland: Pearson Education.