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Factor Analysis

Factor Analysis. Measuring latent variables. Factor Analysis - Discussion. Definition Vocabulary Simple Procedure SPSS example ICPSR and hands on. Definition.

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Factor Analysis

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  1. Factor Analysis Measuring latent variables

  2. Factor Analysis - Discussion • Definition • Vocabulary • Simple Procedure • SPSS example • ICPSR and hands on

  3. Definition • Factor analysis is a process by which we take a large number of variables (read that measurements) and reduce them into a smaller number of “factors”, by “extracting” the shared variation among variables. The result is a factor “loading” for each variable on each factor

  4. Vocabulary and Procedure Exploratory Factor Analysis uses all of the variance of each variable to establish factors. Such technique is called “Principal Component Analysis”. It establishes the number of factors by several techniques, the two most often used are: 1) recognizing only those whose eigenvalue is > one (the Kaiser method); or 2) only those whose plot shows a vertical line (Scree method)

  5. Vocabulary and Procedure (cont.) • In examining the number of factors or components, we would need to “rotate” their loadings, either Orthogonally (resulting in a loading matrix), which is the correlation between variables and the factors; • Alternatively, we can rotate them Obliquely (which results in the factors being correlated with each other). This is referred to as a factor correlation matrix. Used only when we believe the factors themselves, are correlated.

  6. Orthogonal Rotation +1.0 X2 X4 X1 -1.0 +1.0 X3 -1.0

  7. Vocabulary and Procedure (cont.) Interpreting loadings is quite subjective, but can be looked at largely by size. Components #1 #2 .879 .296 .846 .450 .763 .509 .279 .719 .480 .678 Note the square of the coefficients across components is the % of variation the variable shares with all components Variable X1 Variable X2 Variable X3 Variable X4 Variable X5 Also note the sum of the r-squares on the column equals the proportion of total variation the component explains.

  8. Steps in the Analysis • Input the data • Analyze, Dimension Reduction, Factor • Choose the extraction and rotation method • Generate the Output • Interpret the results

  9. Input the data

  10. Generate the Procedure

  11. Produce the Output

  12. Produce the Output (cont.)

  13. Produce the Output (cont.)

  14. Produce the Output (cont.)

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