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Mexican History of Arizona

Explore the history of Mexican Arizona from its backwater status to increased Apache raids, the Texas Alamo, illegal trappers, the arrival of the "Army of the West," and ultimately the Gadsden Purchase in 1854.

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Mexican History of Arizona

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  1. Mexican History of Arizona Arizona Geography GCU 221

  2. Game Plan • Spain flounders and Mexico wins their independence in 1821, Arizona a backwater • Mexico fails to support Arizona presidios, Apache raids increase • Texas and the Alamo • Trappers illegally trap in Arizona • “Army of the West” takes over New Mexico without firing a shot. • Gadsen Purchase in 1854 grants the territory south of the Gila River as part of Arizona (for $10 million)

  3. Spain flounders, Mexicans win Independence between 1810 and 1821 Mexican born lower class citizens were waging a guerilla campaign against Spanish born and sponsored government leaders. The Mexican aristocrats switch sides (due to a liberal charter from Spain) and join up with the lower classes as Spain struggles with Napoleon and their own revolution.

  4. Mexican Arizona 1821 to 1848 The 10 year war with Spain for their independence ruined the silver mining industry and bankrupted the country. As such, money stopped flowing into the Arizona missions and presidios, which floundered. Mexican Arizona flounders with little support from the south.

  5. Mexican Presidios in Arizona Struggle from Apache Raids

  6. Mexican Arizona 1821 to 1848 Juan Banderas, a Yaqui native, worked to form a pan-Indian nation in northern Mexico and southern Arizona with Maya, Opata, and Pima tribes. His revolution failed and he was executed in 1833. With Mexico struggling with money, revolutions erupt throughout the country.

  7. Mexican Arizona 1821 to 1848 Mexican immigration into traditional O’odham land causes tensions, as the mission system fails to serve as a divide between the two cultures. Mexicans use land grants to build giant ranches in southern Arizona, but raided by Apaches Tucson remains a settlement with 1,000 inhabitants as Mexican influence in the region wanes.

  8. Texas wins their independence and in 1845 joins the US Mexicans unhappy with their President, General Santa Ana, due to the passage of SieteLeyes, a controversial document that modified the Mexican constitution. Mexico allows immigrants from the US into the Texas region, thought to act as a buffer from raiding Comanche. The last stand of the Alamo rallies the Texans under Sam Houston

  9. Arizona is a backwater, visited by foreign trappers like Kit Carson in the early 1800s First entered Arizona along the Gila River drainage trapping beaver in 1829. The last Rendezvous in 1840, as the mountain men were running out of game to trap. After trapping, guided for Fremont as scout and guide

  10. James Polk Presidency 1845 to 1849 Known as “Napoleon of the Stump”, he was former speak of the House. He oversaw the construction of the Smithsonian and the U.S. Naval Academy. A “dark horse” candidate, gained the democratic ticket because he strongly favored annexing Texas.. Said he would only run one term, and he did, then died 3 months later.

  11. Mexican-American War 1846 to 1848 Led by General Stephen Kearny, leading the northern front of the campaign to get ground forces in California Army of the West, called the land of Arizona worthless, and wondered what use will it be.

  12. Mexican-American War Battle of San Pasqual, after rushing into battle with Mexican cavalry, the Americans were heavily wounded. While trying to make there way to San Diego for naval support, they were trapped on a hill and eventually rescued. After an arduous journey across Arizona and the Mojave, found out California back in Mexican control. Mule Hill

  13. Mormon Battalion takes over Tucson in 1846 Travelled over 1,900 miles on foot. Agreed to help fight the Mexican-American War to relations with the US. Secured Arizona during the war and the later Gadsden Purchase. Only battle known as the Battle of the Bulls, where they fought stampeding wild bulls. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ends the Mexican-American War 1848

  14. Gadsden Purchase, 1854 Following the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildago where 500,000 square miles of territory was added to the US, some Americans realized a little more would be very useful. The Mormon Battalion realized an excellent route through Arizona to southern California. Without the Gadsden Purchase, the route would not work. $10 million to finish Arizona Territory, 30,000 square miles

  15. Things to know: • Spain flounders and Mexico wins their independence in 1821, Arizona a backwater • Mexico fails to support Arizona presidios, Apache raids increase • Texas and the Alamo • Trappers illegally trap in Arizona • “Army of the West” and the Mormon Battalion takes over Arizona, without firing a shot. • Gadsen Purchase in 1854 grants the territory south of the Gila River as part of Arizona Help: Ask Dr. Douglass

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