Global Warming

1. Global Warming

2. Definition an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns

3. Causes > Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil) Power plants generate electricity > Transportationfuels for transports e.g. LPG, kerosene, fuel oil > Industrial processes e.g. manufacture of cement, steel, aluminum) Besides carbon dioxide, other gases such as methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrogen oxides and ozone also contribute to the greenhouse effect.

5. The United Nation of America is alone responsible for about 20% of the total carbon emission!

6. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere ↓ Traps Heat Radiation ↓ Greenhouse effect Serious greenhouse effect Global Warming

7. How serious is the problem ?...

8. Increase in greenhouse gases Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is highly increasing by human activities → Leads to the increasing seriousness of global warming

9. ppmv = Parts Per Million Volume

10. Global surface temperatures • increased about 0.6°C/century since the late19th century • increased to 2°C/century over the past 25 years

11. Increase in Global temperatures a·nom·a·ly əˈnäməlē/ noun plural noun: anomalies 1. something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.

12. Temperature difference between different parts of atmosphere Troposphere temperatures (the lowest 8 kilometers of the Earth's atmosphere) collected since 1979 also indicate warming. Cooling effect in higher parts of the atmosphere: stratospheric temperatures have been decreasing.

14. NOT globally uniform warming Warming parts: • North America • Eurasia Cooling parts: • parts of the southeastern U.S.

15. Increasing temperature extremes Regions that have temperatures (1-3°C) warmer than the average: • United States • Most of the Europe Regions that have temperatures (1-3°C) cooler than the average: • Australia

16. Regional Temperatures

18. Sea level rising Rising at an average rate of 1 - 2 mm/year over the past 100 years

19. Environmental and Human Effects

21. Direct Temperature Effects Increase in average temperature More extreme heat waves during the summer; Less extreme cold spells during the winter Harmful to those with heart problems, asthma, the elderly, the very young and the homeless

22. Extreme Events Events include: Heat waves, Cold waves, Storms, Floods and Droughts

23. Global Warming An increase in the frequency of extreme events More event-related deaths, injury, infectious diseases, and stress-related disorders

24. Climate-sensitive diseases Increase the risk of some infectious diseases • [particularly that appear in warm areas; are spread by mosquitoes and other insects] e.g. Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, encephalitis • Algal blooms occur more frequently as temperatures warm (particularly in areas with polluted waters) Diseases (e.g. cholera) accompanying algal blooms become more frequent

25. UV Exposure *Owing to Ozone layer depletion • Skin Cancer • an abnormal growth of skin tissues. • Premature aging • make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery   • Cataracts • No longer have transparent lenses in their eyes

26. UV Exposure • Other Eye Damages • Skin cancer around the eyes • Degeneration of the yellow spot • Suppression of Immunity • Overexposure to UV radiation  suppress proper functioning of the body's immune system and natural defenses of skin • UV-B radiation weakens the immune system  increases the chance of infection and disease

27. Air Quality An increase in the concentration of ground-level ozone Damage lung tissue Harmful for those with asthma and other chronic lung diseases

28. Food supply Rising temperatures and variable precipitation Decrease the production of staple foods in many of the poorest regions Increasing risks of malnutrition

29. Population displacement Rising sea levels Increase the risk of coastal flooding Necessitate population displacement • More than half of the world's population now lives within 60km of the sea. • Most vulnerable regions: The Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, Nile delta in Egypt, many small islands, such as the Maldives, the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu.

30. Measures on controlling the problem

31. What the Government can do- * set some laws to limit the amount of pollutants produced by factories * develop the skills of using renewable fuels, e.g. solar energy, wind energy *encourage the factories to replace fossil fuels by renewable fuels, which would not cause environmental pollution *carry out energy saving scheme → reduce the pollution produced by burning fossil fuels *build more plants → reduce the pollutants e.g. CO2

32. What Citizens can do- *reduce the use of plastic bags → as burning plastic emit CH4 * recycle the resources, e.g. plastic * reduce the use of sprays → as CFCs would be emitted out * reduce the use of air-conditioner, which will emit CFCs * use public transportation instead of private cars → reduce the pollutants emitted by cars

33. Help Me!

34. Thank You All! This concludes our presentation. Presentedby Group 1 Roll no 1-10