Role of “Waste to Energy” Technology in a Sustainable Waste Management Approach

1. Role of “Waste to Energy” Technology in a Sustainable Waste Management Approach Workshop: Waste Management in Gurgaon 10.07.2013

2. Agenda • Introduction • Waste to Energy • Hitachi Zosen • Role of «Waste to Energy» in an Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Approach • Recommendations

3. Introduction

4. Definintion of Waste to Energy • Waste to Energy(WtE) or Energy from Waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the incineration of waste. Source: wikipedia.org • Waste to Energy is an Incineration process in which solid waste is converted into thermal energy to generate steam that drives turbines for electricity generators. Source: businessdictionary.com

5. Waste Treatment Technologies

6. Grate Combustion (Massburn) First Waste Fire in Cleveland (UK) on 8. July 2013, 2:15 PM

7. Waste to Energy Technology • Weighting Station • Sliding Gates to Stop Odors Delivery

8. Waste to Energy Technology • Waste Storage • Waste Cranes to Mix Waste • Fire-Extinguishing System Waste Pit

9. Waste to Energy Technology • Feed Hopper • Grate • Ram Feeder • Primary Air • Secondary Air • Bottom Ash Extractor Furnace

10. Waste to Energy Technology • Steam Production • Water / Steam System • Electricity Production • Districting Heating / Pocess Steam Boiler

11. Waste to Energy Technology • Electrostatic Precipitator • «Reactor» • Fabric Filter • Scrubber • ID Fan / Stack Flue Gas Treatment

12. 1 2 3 4 5 The Role of Hitachi Zosen General Contractor for turnkey plants with civil works General Contractor for turnkey plants without civil works System Provider (e.g. combustion system, FGT system) Components Provider (e.g. combustion, boiler, FGT components) Service Provider (e.g. maintenance, revisions, operation) Hitachi Zosen is a Technology Provider not a Developer

13. XIV SIMAI São Paulo 06. Novembro 2012 - Roland P. Greil 75 Years Experience In Building Waste to Energy Plants 1823 Ludwig von Roll founded „Company of Ludwig von Roll‘s Ironworks“ 1937 / 39 Construction of first waste treatment plant in Dordrecht, Netherlands 2010 December 20th Von Roll Inova became a company of Hitachi Zosen Corporation 1933 Establishment of „L. von Roll Aktiengesellschaft für kommunale Anlagen“ (today Hitachi Zosen Inova) 1960 Beginning of long-term license partnership between Von Roll and Hitachi Zosen Corporation In April 2012 Hitachi Zosen India opened its Hyderabad-based branch office, which is solely dedicated to provide WTE solutions for the Indian market.

14. Hitachi Zosen’s Global Reference Projects 237 24 214 Americas 24 Europe 237 South Africa 2 Asia 214 Australia 3 3 2 14

15. Hitachi Zosen’s Global Reference Projects 480 Global 480 15

16. WTE Plant Rural Integrated Infrastructure • EfW-Plant, Hinwil, Switzerland • Throughput flue gas per years • 2 x 87,500 Nm3/h (nom.) • 2 x 120,000 Nm3/h (max.)

17. WTE Plant – Urban Integrated Infrastructure EfW-Plant, Issy-les-Moulinaux (Paris), France • Throughput per day 1260 t/d • Thermal capacity 2 x 85.1 MW

18. ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger WTE Plant Riverside – High Efficiency For Large Cities • Lines 3 • Waste throughput per line: 31.8 t/h • Thermal power of waste: 238.5 MW • Electrical power gross: 73 MW • Electrical power net: 65 MW • Electrical Efficiency net: 27.3 %(net = excluding power to run plant) • Emissions safely comply with Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EG) ST Generator WSC Flue Gas Cleaning Oxidation Gasification Waste

19. Xiamen, China Key Data Client Xiamen Environment & Sanitation Comprehensive Process Plan Start-up 2006 Technology Furnace Grate furnace Energy recovery 4-pass boiler, turbine Flue gas treatment Semi dry process Residue treatment Metal separation of slag Technical Data Fuel Municipal wasteWaste capacity 144,000 t/a (2 x 9 t/h) Net calorific value 1400 Kcal/kg Thermal capacity 29.4 MW Steam 31.8 t/h (40 bar, 400°C) • Waste incineration plant with two incineration lines for the city of Xiamen known as „Garden on the Sea“ • State-of-the-art furnace, flue gas cleaning, metal separation • Hitachi Zosen Inova responsible for overall process design, grate, boiler, semi dry reactor and bag filter, detail design, supply of key components, erection and commissioning supervision

20. Role of Waste to Energy in an Integrated Solid Waste Management Approach

21. Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Prevention Reduction Recycling Recovery Disposal While the priority clearly is on prevention, reduction and recycling of waste, there will always be remaining waste quantities that must be disposed somehow.

22. «Zero Waste» is not Possible • Zero Waste is mainly an academic term only • There are unlimited costs involved when MSW has to be processed such, that 100% can be reused and recycled. • There is not a single municipality in the world, which has successfully introduced a waste management system with «Zero Waste» • It took the US 40 years to reach a recycling rate of 38% Zero Waste = Zero Success

23. Why to Incinerate Waste? • Less landfill space required • Have chemically stable resdidues only • Thermal Utilization of Energy Content • Reduction of green house gas emissions • Material Utilization • Reduce transportation distances Many industralized countries ban MSW landfills

24. Strengths and Weaknesses of WTE

25. ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger WTE– State of the Art Technology Mercedes-Benz 540 K Spezial Roadster 1937 Mercedes-Benz SLK 55 AMG 2011 EfW-Plant, Dordrecht, Netherlands1937 EfW-Plant, Riverside, London, UK2011

26. ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger WTE Emissions – From A Dark Yesterday To A Bright Today Emissions to the Atmosphere in Switzerland Mercury Dioxins and Furans Chorides Cadmium Traffic Domestic Industry WtE Source: Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU) of Switzerland

27. International Situation • 900 WTE plants in operation worldwide (110 in China, 1 in India) • The best integrated waste management systems around the world, always use a combination of recycling and Waste to Energy to achieve less than 1% of waste landfilling • Countries with the highest incineration rates, are at the same time those countries with the highest living standards and the longest live expectations • Countries with the highest incineration rates, are at the same time those countries with the highest recycling rates

28. Waste Management Europe 2010 Landfilled Recycled EfW Data by Eurostat

29. Example Mallorca Island (Spain)Recycling and Incineration go Hand in Hand • Components • Sewage sludge – solar drying • Packaging facility for recycling plastic • Methanization facility • Visitor center • Energy-from-Waste facility

30. The Indispensable Approach to Sustainable Waste Management • Waste to Energy is one of the most robust and effective alternative options for reducing green house gas emissions • WTE generation replaces 7-38 million tons of fossil fuels (equaling 19-37 million tons of CO2) in Europe • 114 million tons of CO2 equivalents could potentially be avoided by 2020 in EU-27 by avoiding landfill of untreated waste • WTE plants supply 13 million EU households with electricity and 12 million with heat Source: Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy plants (cewep.eu)

31. Situation in India The National Bio-Energy Board (NBB) of the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) has developed the “National Master Plan of India for Development of Waste-to-Energy Projects” with a clear recommendation to provide special loans for Waste-to-Energy projects. • «Our extensive research has shown conclusively that after all possible recycling and combosting are done, the only two alternatives for dealing with the post-recycling municipal solid waste are combustion with energy recovery and landfilling.» • «A future without landfills is not possible without Waste to Energy» Official Response to BBMP Bangalore Expert / Technical Comittee Recommendations by Waste to Energy Research and Technolgoy Council – India (WTERT) National Environmental Engineering Research Institiute (NEERI) Earth Engineering Center (EEC), Columbia University USA

32. Recommendations

33. Waste Cycle • Consuming • Waste Disposal • Distribution • Manufacturing • Waste Transport • Energy Recovery • Power Generation • Landfill • Raw Materials

34. Ideal Waste Management Setup according to Hitachi Zosen Municipal Waste Separate Collection of Recyclables Incineration with Recuperation of Residues Utilization Landfill with final disposal quality

35. Infrastructure Development of a Typical Society

36. Recommendations are a Matter of Priorities • Identify basic requirements • Identify and integrate all stakeholders from the beginning • Plan longterm (develop a vision) • Identify the most urgent problems • Assign priorities along the Waste Cycle • Address different problems separately (there is never a single solution) • Keep it simple and realistic but in line with the vision • Do not select exotic solutions • Get familiar with «Lessons Learned» from other countries • Try to work with experts only (with proper experience) • Try to utilize the forces of the free market economy in as many areas as possible

37. Is Waste to Energy a Solution for your Municipality? • If reduction of landfilling is a priority, because of… • Negative Impact on Local population • Contribution to Climate Change • Because Energy content of remaining waste should be of higher priority • There is simply not more space for new landfills (!) • If the frame conditions are such that a WTE project might become financially viable • Municipality is willing to pay «reasonable» Gate Fees for disposal • «and/or» electricity sales price is attractive • «and/or» financial support is available for the developer • Capital Requirement of approx. INR 10 cr / MW

38. LoCal 580 - WTE Concept for Low Calorific Waste

39. Goal and design Values of Local 580 Goal • Develop EfW plant for • Markets with low calorific value (Asia, South America) • High efficiency • Production of electricity • Standardised basic design • Supplied by local office of HZI • Consider local supplies and local services as far as possible Design • 580 tons per day(not pre-treated municipal solid waste) • Gross power output = 8.0 MWel • Plant in operation without use of auxiliary fuel

40. Conclusions • There will always be a remaining amount of waste that must be disposed somehow • A sustainable waste mangement system does include incineration as an important factor to reduce the overall impact on the environment. • Indian municipalities must set priorities, whereas WTE currently will not be the highest, unless scarcity of land for new landfills is the dominating factor

41. Thank you very muchwww.hz-india.com Linkedin – Hitachi Zosen India Pvt. Ltd.