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America in the 1920s…

America in the 1920s…. Part II. Corporate Revolution. Mergers By 1929 ½ of national wealth absorbed by top 200 corporations. Chain stores became common Sears and Roebuck Managerial Revolution

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America in the 1920s…

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  1. America in the 1920s… Part II

  2. Corporate Revolution • Mergers • By 1929 ½ of national wealth absorbed by top 200 corporations. • Chain stores became common • Sears and Roebuck • Managerial Revolution • Corporate leadership began to be controlled by college-trained rather than “build the company from the ground” type (Henry Fords) • Business schools open • Businesses add more layers of management.

  3. College Dream

  4. White Collar Workers • 1920 – 1930 WCJ rose 38.1% • 10.5-14.5 million 1900 and 18% white collar • 444% by 1930 • Huge increase of consumer products create a need for advertising and sales people

  5. Women in the Work Force • Typewriter, invented by Remington Co. in 1874, significant • All typists were middle-class, high school educated and female • Needed to be a good speller and knowledge of grammar. • Lower class men and women lacked these skills. • Upper class men could get better paying jobs • Also teachers, shot clerks, cashiers, and switchboard operators • 57% of female work force comprised of black and foreign-born women, mostly in domestic service jobs.

  6. Frank Lloyd Wright • Most famous architect in US history • Building grown from sites • Not imitate Greek and Roman models • Guggenheim Museum in NYC most famous.

  7. Sports • Became house-hold names due to “image making” • Babe Ruth • Fans bought tickets in such numbers that Yankee Stadium became known as “the house that Ruth built” • Jack Dempsey • Heavyweight champion knocked out French lightweight George Carpentier

  8. Frederick W. Taylor • Started movement to develop more efficient working methods increasing productivity which eventually led to increased wages, which led to increase profits. • The Principles of Scientific Management (1911). • Auto industry. • Detroit emerged as the automobile capital of the world.

  9. Automobile Impact • Replaced the steel industry as the king industry in America. • Employed about 6 million people by 1930 • Supported industries • Petroleum industry exploded • Nation’s standard of living improved • Speedy marketing of perishable foodstuff were accelerated • Highways emerged • Leisure time spent traveling

  10. Airplane • Dec. 17, 1903 Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur) • Flew a gasoline-powered plane 12 seconds and 120 feet at Kitty Hawk, N.C. • Launched air age • Airplane used with some success in WWI • After war Passenger lines with airmail contracts • Charles Lindberg • 1st solo flight across the Atlantic. • Spirit of St. Louis flew from NY to Paris in 39 hours and 39 minutes • Became an American icon and hero

  11. Lindberg

  12. Lindberg Kidnapper Found Guilty

  13. Impact • Civilization became closely linked • Railroads received yet another setback as airplanes stole passengers and mail services. • Devastating effects during WWII.

  14. Radio • Guglielmo Marconi • Italian, invented wireless telegraphy of the 1890s • National Broadcasting Co. organized in 1926 • Columbia Broadcasting Co. in 1927 • FIRST national radio networks • Amos n’ Andy • Impacts • New industry, nation tied together, families brought closer together, stimulated sports and advertising.

  15. Movies • 1st real moving picture in 1903 • The Great Train Robbery • Hollywood becomes movie capital of the world • Stars • Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino • 1927 first “talkie” • The Jazz Singer • 1930s some colored films being produced • Eclipsed all other new forms of amusement • Actors and actresses • Huge salaries

  16. Working Conditions • Reduction in hours • 1923 US Steel offered its working three eight-hour shifts instead of a 12-hour shift. • Welfare Capitalism • American Plan of Business • If workers were taken care of, no unions or strikes would be needed.

  17. Gangsters and Art

  18. Jazz • After WWI (Dance music) • African influenced slave spirituals grew into jubilees and the blues • A.A. fold music retained a certain melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic element that formed a common body of sound. • Ragtime works became published in late 1890s considered to be the earliest jazz

  19. Duke and the Piano

  20. Louis Armstrong: become first master improviser – some see this as the creation of jazz • New Orleans exports Jazz • Chicago, center of Jazz, after people move from New Orleans • The center for Swing in 1930s

  21. Harlem Renaissance • Harlem • Black enclave in NYC • With about 100,000 residents in the 1920s that will grow rapidly after WWI. • Harlem produced a wealth of the AA poetry, literature, art and music, expressing the pain, sorrow, and discrimination blacks felt at this time.

  22. Poets: Langston Hughes and Claude McKay • Jazz: Duke Ellington (1899-1974) and Cotton Club (famous night club) • Piano player who formed one of most famous Jazz bands in history.

  23. Marcus Garvey • UNIA: United Negro Improvement Association • “Back to Africa Movement” • Advocated black racial pride and separatism rather than integration. • Native of Jamaica

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