Diastrophism

1. (DY-AS-TRUH-FIZ’M) Diastrophism

2. DIASTROPHISM • Refers to the series of processes by which the major features of the earth’s crust were formed and changed due to relative changes in the position and in the formation of rock, which maybe sudden, causing earthquakes.

3. 3 classification of earth’s movement • Uplift- is either local or wide spread of the crust. • Subsidence- occurs when the earth’s crust sinks. • Thrust- is a horizontal motion of the crust.

4. 3 classification of earth’s movement • Uplift- is either local or wide spread of the crust. Upward Movement

5. UPLIFT Island in Pacific Scandinavian in Sweden

6. 3 classification of earth’s movement 2. Subsidence- occurs when the earth’s crust sinks. Downward Movement

7. Subsidence Island in Pacific Drowned Valley

8. 3 classification of earth’s movement 3. Thrust- is a horizontal motion of the crust.

9. THRUST Movement of rock in San Francisco

10. Effects of DIASTROPHISM

11. Effects of diastrophism 1. Stress and strain 2. Folding 3. Faulting

12. Effects of diastrophism • Stress and Strain THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRESS AND STRAIN • Stress- is a force that tends to compress, pull apart, or distort a rock. • Strain- is the adjustment to stress which could result into a change in volume or shape or could even lead to breaking.

13. 3 types of STRESS • Compressive stress- result from the movement of two plates pressing on a stationary plate. • Tensional stress- effect of one plate moving away from a fixed plate. • Shear stress- results from the sliding motion of two plates which pass one another or by one plate sliding a fixed plate.

14. 3 types of STRESS • Compressive stress- result from the movement of two plates pressing on a stationary plate.

15. 3 types of STRESS • Tensional stress- effect of one plate moving away from a fixed plate.

16. 3 types of STRESS • Shear stress- results from the sliding motion of two plates which pass one another or by one plate sliding a fixed plate.

17. 3 types of Strain • Elastic strain- flexibility of rock units are displayed by going back to their original shape after they are freed from stress. • Plastic strain- rock units are deformed either by molding or bending after the stress was released. • Fracture strain- rock units break or crack.

18. Effects of Diastrophism 2. Folding- curving of layered bedrocks where there is an application of stress. • FOLDS- are warps in layered bedrocks. There are 5 types of folds: 1. Dome 2. Basin 3. Anticline 4. Syncline 5.Monocline

19. TYPES OF FOLDS • Dome- vertical upward stress with big ascending bulge • Basin- downward bulging fold • Anticline- arch shaped fold • Syncline- trough shaped fold • Monocline- horizontal beds are modified by step warps

20. TYPES OF FOLDS

21. TYPES OF FOLDS • Dome- vertical upward stress with big ascending bulge

22. TYPES OF FOLDS • Basin- downward bulging fold

23. TYPES OF FOLDS • Anticline- arch shaped fold

24. TYPES OF FOLDS • Syncline- trough shaped fold

25. TYPES OF FOLDS • Monocline- horizontal beds are modified by step warps

26. EFFECTS of DIASTROPHISM 3. Faulting- results when there is a fracture in the continuity of a rock formation. • FAULT MOVEMENT- direction of slippage There are 3 types of fault movement: • Dip Slip fold • Strike slip fold • Oblique slip fold

27. TYPES OF FAULT MOVEMENT • Dip-slip fold- movement is parallel to the fault surface. • Normal Fault • Reverse Fault • Strike-slip fold- indicates the horizontal motion parallel to the strike of the fault surface. • Oblique-slip- has both strike slip and dip slip components

28. TYPES OF FAULT MOVEMENT • Dip-slip fold- movement is parallel to the fault surface. • Normal Fault • Reverse Fault

29. TYPES OF FAULT MOVEMENT • Strike-slip fold- indicates the horizontal motion parallel to the strike of the fault surface.

30. TYPES OF FAULT MOVEMENT • Oblique-slip- has both strike slip and dip slip components

31. DIASTROPHISM causes…….