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Expert Systems

Expert Systems. Learning Objectives:. By the end of this topic you should be able to: explain what is meant by an expert system describe the components of an expert system describe the applications of an expert system. Expert Systems. In everyday life:. Expert Systems.

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Expert Systems

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  1. Expert Systems

  2. Learning Objectives: By the end of this topic you should be able to: • explain what is meant by an expert system • describe the components of an expert system • describe the applications of an expert system

  3. Expert Systems In everyday life:

  4. Expert Systems In everyday life: • humans interpret information to gain knowledge

  5. Expert Systems In everyday life: • humans interpret information to gain knowledge • this knowledge is used as the basis for making decisions

  6. Expert Systems In everyday life: • humans interpret information to gain knowledge • this knowledge is used as the basis for making decisions An expert system is:

  7. Expert Systems In everyday life: • humans interpret information to gain knowledge • this knowledge is used as the basis for making decisions An expert system is: • a computer program, used to help with a decision making process

  8. Expert Systems In everyday life: • humans interpret information to gain knowledge • this knowledge is used as the basis for making decisions An expert system is: • a computer program, used to help with a decision making process • aka rules-based system, knowledge system

  9. An Expert System is:

  10. An Expert System: • Is a computer program • Is made up of a set of rules • Analyses information about a specific type of problem. • Tries to solve a problem in the same way as a human expert • has a narrow range of expertise • gives answers to questions • asks questions based on previous responses • can show how it reached conclusions • can learn from experience (heuristic) • Is based on probabilities, not certainties • Based on research into Artificial Intelligence (AI)

  11. Expert System - Definition • has three components:

  12. Expert System - 3 components • knowledge base • set of rules • consists of If...Then… rules • e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella with me

  13. Expert System - 3 components • knowledge base • set of rules • consists of If...Then… rules • e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella with me • inference engine • evaluates data against the knowledge base • to provide a conclusion

  14. Expert System - 3 components • knowledge base • set of rules • consists of If...Then… rules • e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella with me • inference engine • evaluates data against the knowledge base • to provide a conclusion • user interface • displays questions to be completed by the operator • displays conclusions as output

  15. Examples of Expert Systems

  16. Examples of Expert Systems • weather forecasting

  17. Examples of Expert Systems • weather forecasting • fault diagnosis • electrical goods, cars

  18. Examples of Expert Systems • weather forecasting • fault diagnosis • electrical goods, cars • medical diagnosis • diagnose blood infections, identify tumours

  19. Examples of Expert Systems • weather forecasting • fault diagnosis • electrical goods, cars • medical diagnosis • diagnose blood infections, identify tumours • facial recognition

  20. Examples of Expert Systems • weather forecasting • fault diagnosis • electrical goods, cars • medical diagnosis • diagnose blood infections, identify tumours • facial recognition • careers advice

  21. Examples of Expert Systems • weather forecasting • fault diagnosis • electrical goods, cars • medical diagnosis • diagnose blood infections, identify tumours • facial recognition • careers advice • credit scoring • identifying whether or not an individual should be granted credit

  22. Examples of Expert Systems • weather forecasting • fault diagnosis • electrical goods, cars • medical diagnosis • diagnose blood infections, identify tumours • facial recognition • careers advice • credit scoring • identifying whether or not an individual should be granted credit • financial planning • what if we …..?”

  23. Advantages of expert systems • Expert advice available all the time • Knowledge of expert staff can be captured to some extent before they move on. • Can be used as a training aid to increase the expertise of staff • Makes rational decisions without any emotional overhead • Does not get tired or overworked. • Efficient way of getting answers as it does not involve additional help staff e.g. automated help systems • Natural language interface would make the expert system more human friendly

  24. Disadvantages of expert systems • Usually only covers a narrow range of knowledge • A lot of effort and cost has to go into making a good expert system • Not as good as having human experts to hand. • Most expert systems are menu driven which does not deal very well with ambiguous problems. • Advanced interfaces such as natural language processing still has some way to go before they are truly effective. • Does not learn from mistakes unless user feedback and human maintenance is part of its ongoing development • Unlikely to come up with creative solutions

  25. Task – mind Map • Create a mind Map on expert systems, including the following information: • Three components of an expert system • the advantages and disadvantages for a given application • Add images to support your information and make it interesting for the reader!

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