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Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens

Learn about phytoalexins, low molecular weight antimicrobial compounds synthesized and accumulated in plants as a response to microbial attacks or physical injuries. Discover the inducers and signaling pathways of phytoalexin production and explore their role in defense against different types of pathogens.

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Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens

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  1. Oleh: Pauline D. Kasi (PBI/1032) S. Hafidhawati A. (PBI/1044) Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens BiokimiaAdaptasi 2013 PPS Biologi UGM

  2. PHYTOALEXINS Phytoalexins: low molecular weight, anti-microbial compounds that are both synthesized and accumulated in plants after exposure to microorganisms or abiotic agents (Mert-Türk, 2002) Phytoalexins are compounds synthesized by plants in response to extrinsic stress such as microbial attack and physical injury (Ejikeet.al., 2013) Phytoalexins secondary metabolites by phenylpropanoid, mevalonic acid, and polymalonic acid pathway

  3. Inducer & signaling of phytoalexin • Microbial attack • Elicitors : Induce phytoalexin by mimicking a pathogen attack or other stress. • Signaling to camalexin : • Jasmonic acid, Salysilic acid, ROS

  4. Phytoalexin toxicity Phytoalexin was involved in defense against netrophic but not biotrophic pathogens, also resistance against hemibiotrophy Ex: Camalexin play a role in resistance to the necrotophic fungi Alternariabrassicicola(black spot), but adapted to biotrophicGolovinomycesorontii (powdery mildew)

  5. Camalexin biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms (Ahujaet.al., 2012)

  6. Structures of selected phytoalexins

  7. (Ahujaet.al., 2012)

  8. …(continued) (Ahujaet.al., 2012)

  9. Arachidins, Resveratrol in peanut seed Großkinskyet al., 2012

  10. (Ahujaet.al., 2012)

  11. Phytoalexins application

  12. References • Ahuja, I., Kissen, R. & Bones, A.M. (2012). Phytialexins in defense against pathogens. Trends in Plant Science 17(2) : 73-90 • Boue, S.M., Cleveland, T. E., Carter-Wientjes, C., Shih, B. Y., Bhatnagar, D.,McLachlan, J.M., et al. (2009). Phytoalexin-enriched functional foods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57: 2614–2622. • Großkinsky, D.K , Graaff, E. & Roitsch, T. (2012). Phytoalexintransgenics in crop protection—Fairy tale with a happy end?. Plant Science 195 : 54– 70 • Holland, K. W., & O'Keefe, S. F. (2010). Recent applications of peanut phytoalexins. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2 : 221–232. • Smoliga, J.M. et al. (2011) Resveratrol and health – a comprehensive review of human clinical trials. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 55 :1129–1141

  13. Diskusi • Pada organ apafitoalexindisentesis? (Darussalam) Fitoaleksindisintesispadahampirsemua organ tanaman, dimanaadaseranganpatogen yang terjadi. Semakindekatdengantempatterjadinyaseranganpatogen, konsentrasifitoaleksinsemakinbesar.

  14. Diskusi • Apakahadaperbedaan signal dari pathogen dengan signal dariJasmonic Acid? (Nurul) Ada. Serangandaripatogen yang akanmemicuterbentuknyajasmonic acid. Jasmonic acidmerupakansalahsatu signaling bagicamalexinpadaArabidopsis.

  15. Diskusi • Bagaimanamekanismepertahananjikaterjadiserangandari virus? Apakahsamadenganbakteri? (Darussalam) Mekanismepertahananterhadap virus berbedadenganpatogenlainnya. Virus mampumenduplikasiasamnukleat yang terdapatpadaseltumbuhan. Beberapatumbuhanmampumembentukvaksinuntukmenangkal virus tersebut. Namunmekanismepembentukanvaksintersebutberbedadenganbiosintesisfitoaleksin.

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