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Intro to Remote Sensing

Understand the principles, techniques, and applications of remote sensing, focusing on data collection and energy interaction. Get familiar with ENVI software and explore various measurement possibilities in remote sensing.

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Intro to Remote Sensing

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  1. Intro to Remote Sensing Lecture 1

  2. What is remote sensing • Remote Sensing: remote sensing is science of • acquiring, • processing, and • interpreting images and related data that are obtained from ground-based, air-or space-borne instruments that record the interaction between matter (target) and electromagnetic radiation. • Remote Sensing: using electromagnetic spectrum to image the land, ocean, and atmosphere. • In this class, we will mostly focus on the • principles and techniques for data collection and the interaction of electromagnetic energy with the Earth's surface • some application examples • also you will get familiar with ENVI, an image processing software.

  3. Electromagnetic Spectrum Source: http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/PAIS/DIAL.html

  4. 1 2 3 4 5 7 What we measure in remote sensing?

  5. http://www.asdi.com/ In-Situ scale measurements

  6. Solar radiation

  7. Many more: • Temperature • Soil moisture • Mineral and rock types • Rainfall • Snow cover, snow depth or snow water equivalent • Vegetation type and biomass • Sea ice properties (concentration, thickness, extent, area) • Elevation and change • Aerosol, gas types and concentration • You might name a few more?

  8. Remote sensing platforms Ground-based Airplane-based Satellite-based

  9. NASA ResearchSpacecraft

  10. Busy Traffic Data acquisition

  11. Carbon Management Aviation Energy Management Public Health Coastal Management Water Management Homeland Security Disaster Management Agricultural Efficiency Ecological Forecasting Invasive Species Air Quality Applications of National Priority

  12. History of Remote Sensing • Aerial photography is the original form of remote sensing (using visible spectrum) started in 1909 • Aerial photographic reconnaissance was widely used after 1915 in WWI. • Photogrammetric Engineering, the official monthly publication of the American Society of Photogrammetry, was first published in 1934. • Color infrared photography began 1931, then was widely used in agriculture and forestry. • Development of radar (1930-1940). • During WWII, non-visible spectrum (infrared and radar) were used as tools in remote sensing. • After the first man-made satellite (Sputnik 1) was launched on 4 October 1957 by Soviet Union, remote sensing moved to outer space, ignited the Space Race within the Cold War. • The United States' Explorer 6 transmitted the first space photograph of the Earth in August 1959. • The first systematic meteorological satellite observation came with the launch of the United States' TIROS 1 in 1960. • Landsat 1 (originally called the Earth Resources Technology Satellite or ERTS) was the first satellite to collect data on the Earth's natural resources. It was launched on 23 July 1972. • Hyperspectral remote sensing emerged (1980s), widely used in mineral, oil, etc. exploration. • Since then, a large number and advanced types of remote sensing systems have been developed.

  13. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation NCEP Research Systems to Operational Systems Imaging and Sounding SeaWiFS Terra Aqua NPOESS NPP Solar Irradiance, Ozone, and Aerosols In operation SORCE ACRIMsat Glory NPOESS Under Development SAGE III AURA NPOESS NPP In Formulation Observation Tech Development Atmospheric Composition UARS AURA TBD Ocean Surface Topography Jason OSTM NOAA/EUMETSAT * Canceled flight mission; gleaning technology for GOES-R Land Cover/Land Use Change Operational NPOESS Landsat 7 LDCM GIFTS* GOES Tech Tropo Winds TBD Data Assim Short-term Prediction Research and Transition Center NWS NASA & NOAA jointly funding NRC studies on improving transition

  14. From Terra, Aqua to NPP to JPSS NPP (2011, Oct) CrIS/ATMS VIIRS OMPS Coriolis (2003) WindSat Terra (1999) Aqua (2002) AIRS, AMSU & MODIS METOP (2006) IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRR JPSS/ (2016, 2019) CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS, OMPS & ERBS Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved Weather Forecasting & Numerical Weather Prediction NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline Ground Station Scenario NWS/NCEP GSFC/DAO ECMWF UKMO FNMOC Meteo-France BMRC-Australia Met Serv Canada NOAA Real-time User NWP Forecasts IDPS C3S Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation

  15. NPOESS, JPSS, and NPP • NPP and NPOESS have a long, complicated history • The tri-agency NPOESS partnership (DOD, NOAA, NASA) has been dissolved • “NPOESS” is no more • The NOAA-NASA partnership continues under the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) – afternoon platform series • DOD is continuing alone -- early morning platform series • NASA’s NPP mission has not changed its name – it is still the NPOESS Preparatory Project. • The roles and responsibilities of the NPP Science Team have not changed (at its core, the primary work remains EDR evaluation and related algorithm improvements for climate science!)

  16. NPP Goals The NPP mission has two major goals: • To provide a continuation of the EOS record of climate-quality observations after EOS Terra, Aqua, and Aura (i.e., it will extend key Earth system data records and/or climate data records of equal or better quality and uncertainty in comparison to those of the Terra, Aqua, and Aura sensors), and • To provide risk reduction for JPSS instruments, algorithms, ground data processing, archive, and distribution prior to the launch of the first JPSS spacecraft (but note that there are now plans to use NPP data operationally)

  17. NPOESS no more

  18. The greatest canyon on Mars: Valles Marineris

  19. Trend and Future of Remote Sensing (1) • High spatial resolution - IKONOS launched in 1999 by Space Imaging (4 m multi-spectral and 1 m panchromatic) - QuickBird launched in 2001 by DIGITALGLOBE (2.44 m multi-spectral and 61 cm panchromatic) • High spectral resolution - AVIRIS, 10nm and 20 m, 224 bands - Hyperion launched in 2000, 10nm and 30m, 220 bands • High radiometric resolution - 8 bits to 12 bits • High temporal resolution - GOES 15-30 minutes - NEXRAD 6 or 10 minutes

  20. Trend and Future of Remote Sensing (2) • Globe coverage, high repeatability (or improved temporal resolution) - AVHRR, 1100m, morning or afternoon - MODIS, 250-1000m, morning or afternoon - NPOESS (will be launched in 2013), 370-740m, 4 hours • Real-time or near real-time availability - MODIS available online in the second day ? - NEXRAD available online in 6 minutes - NPOESS available online in 15 minutes • Cost free or affordable - Most of the federal collected images are free available or lower cost, while commercial high resolution images are affordable. • Integrated remote sensing and GIS - Remote sensing applications with the support of GIS - Remote sensing data as a major GIS data source

  21. Major image processing software • ENVI/IDL: http://www.rsinc.com/ • ERDAS Imagine: http://www.gis.leica-geosystems.com/Products/Imagine/ • PCI Geomatics: http://www.pci.on.ca/ • ER Mapper: http://www.ermapper.com/ • INTEGRAPH: http://imgs.intergraph.com/gimage/ • IDRIS: • Ecognition: http://www.definiens-imaging.com/ecognition/pro/40.htm • See5 and decision tree

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