CHAPTER 1 Introduction

CHAPTER 1 Introduction Yoshiaki Harada

Introduction • Contents • Organizing with Layers and Hierarchies • The IP-Based Internet • Communication Services • Network addressing

Organizing with Layers and Hierarchies(1/5) • Layer • Layering works by dividing all the functions of a network into groups and assigning those groups to protocol layers. • Each protocol layer assumes responsibility for its own part of the entire network’s total functionbility,and when all layers operate together,they create a complete, functioning network.

Organizing with Layers and Hierarchies(2/5) compact disc display package “jewel box” shipping carton

Organizing with Layers and Hierarchies(3/5) file data Computer name file data reliability name file data forwarding reliability name file data Ethernet forwarding reliability name file data

Organizing with Layers and Hierarchies(4/5) • Hierarchy • Like layers, hierarchies are another abstract concept that helps organize computer networks. • Hierarchies organize information and delegate responsibility

Organizing with Layers and Hierarchies(5/5) 8901 0956-33-8901 33 0956

The IP-Based Internet(1/5) This figure presets an picture of how a networked computer organizes its protocols Application Transport Internetwork Network Technology Ethernet

The IP-Based Internet(2/5) • Application The protocols that actually organize the information the networks transfer. • Transport Transport layer protocols take the applications’ information and deliver it to the destination.

The IP-Based Internet(3/5) • Internetwork internetwork makes sure that information travels through networks appropriately and reaches its destination, a process known asforwarding. • Network technology systems connect to each other and actuallyexchange information.

The IP-Based Internet(5/5) Router Router Host Host Application Application Transport Transport Internetwork Internetwork Internetwork Internetwork Ethernet Ethernet Dial-up Dial-up Ethernet Ethernet

Communication Services(1/5) • Connectionless Delivery • When a protocol provides this service,it treats every message independently. • The protocol itself requires no interaction before accepting a message,nor does it provide a context for different messages in a conversation.

Communication Services(2/5) 1.Request 2.Response Connectionless delivery

Communication Services(3/5) • Connection-Oriented Delivery • Connection-Oriented protocols that provide service usually exchange their own message before transmitting actual data • These preliminary messages establish the connection

Communication Services(4/5) 1.Request 2.Resonse Connection-Oriented delivery

Communication Services(5/5) ATM Network Application Application ① Transport Transport ⑬ ② ⑧ ⑨ Internetwork Internetwork ⑤ ③ ④ ⑦ ⑫ ⑩ ATM ATM ⑥ ⑪ Combining services

Network Addressing(1/5) • Unicast address They refer to a single interface. • Multicast address They identify sets of interfaces. • Broadcast address They identify to all interfaces on the network, rather than a set of interface.

Network Addressing(2/5) Multicact group multicast Broadcast unicast

Network Addressing(3/5) • IP Address • IP address are 32 bits in size, an that notation is known as dotted decimal. • Each 8-bit byte in the 32-bit address is taken separately and expressed as a deciaml number. • The address itself consists of two parts: a networkprefix and a host identifier.

Network Addressing(4/5) 172.16.1.2 172 16 1 2 10101100 00010000 00000001 00000010

Network Addressing(5/5) 173.12.0.0/16 Network 172.16.0.0/16 Network 172.16.1.2 173.12.1.100 172.16.1.100 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.3 172.16.1.4

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

Presentation Transcript

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Introduction: Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction