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Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table

Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table. Interpret information on a periodic table to understand how elements are grouped. What do you remember from 6 th grade?. The periodic table shows approximately 120 known elements Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

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Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table

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  1. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Interpret information on a periodic table to understand how elements are grouped.

  2. What do you remember from 6th grade? • The periodic table shows approximately 120 known elements • Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids • When two or more elements combine, they form a compound

  3. What are the elements made of? • Element-the simplest pure substance. • Elements are made of atoms, and each element’s atoms are unique to that element • Atoms-the basic building blocks of all matter. They are the smallest particles into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. • Atoms are made of 3 types of particles-protons, neutrons and electrons

  4. PERIODIC TABLE =ORGANIZED ELEMENTS • Elements are: • PURE-Made of like atoms of that element • Identified by it’s atomic number (# of protons) • Arrangement of electrons determines the elements properties (such as conductivity and reactivity).

  5. How the Elements are Arranged Groups/Families: Similar properties Periods/Rows: Increasing atomic number/mass

  6. Groups/Families • Columns of the periodic table that consist of elements that have the same number of valence electrons. • Groups 1 and 2 - same # as group • Groups 13-18 - 10 - the group # • Groups 3-12 - no general rule.

  7. Periods • Rows of the periodic table that consist of elements with the same number of electron clouds or energy levels.

  8. Alkali Metals • Group #1 • All metals • 1 Valence Electron • Very reactive

  9. Alkaline-Earth Metals • Group #2 • All Metals • 2 Valence Electrons • Very reactive but less than group #1.

  10. Transition Metals • Groups # 3-12 • All metals • 1-2 valence electrons • Less reactive than group #2 • Also contain lanthanide and actinide series (radioactive/unstable).

  11. Groups # 13-16 • Elements change from metals to nonmetals and include the metalloids. • Atoms have 10 fewer valence electrons than the group #. • Boron Group #13 - 3 valence electrons • Carbon Group #14 - 4 valence electrons • Nitrogen Group #15 - 5 valence electrons • Oxygen Group #16 - 6 valence electrons

  12. Halogens • Group 17 • All nonmetals • 7 valence electrons • Very reactive • Only need to gain 1 more electron.

  13. Noble Gases • Group # 18 • All nonmetals • 8 valence electrons - except helium only has 2. • Unreactive • Have a full outer electron cloud (energy level).

  14. Hydrogen stands alone 1 valence electron Very reactive Reacts violently with Oxygen under the right conditions.

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