Electricity

1. Electricity

2. Electricity does not occupy space or have physical or chemical properties so it is not matter. It is a form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.

3. ELECTRIC CURRENT This is the flow of electricity along a conductor. All substances can be classified as either conductors or insulators, depending on the ease with which a current can be transmitted through them. • Modality – The type of current

4. CONDUCTOR -Any substance, material, or medium that conducts electricity. Most metals are good conductors. Copper is good and used in electric wiring and electric motors. Pure water does not conduct electricity, but the ions in ordinary water make it a good conductor. • INSULATOR Also known as a nonconductor is a substance that does not easily transmit electricity. All these are good insulators of electricity. • 1. Rubber • 2. Silk • 3. Wood • 4. Glass • 5. Cement

5. Types of Current Direct Current Alternating Current Rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction then another. It produces a mechanical action. Appliances plugged into the wall use an alternating current. Constant, even-flowing current, traveling in ONE direction. It produces a chemical reaction. Frequency is the number of cycles per second

6. AC DC • Converter- changes DC to AC • Rectifier- changes AC to DC • Hertz Rating- indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates current

7. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS • Volt - Measures the pressure that forces electric current forward. Higher voltage increases strength of current because more electrons are moving; lower is weaker. (Example: An air conditioner uses a great deal more power than a table fan.)

8. Electrical Measurements • Ampere - Also called amp. Measures the strength of current running through a wire (the number of electrons flowing through a wire).

9. Electrical Measurements • Ohm- Measures resistance of an electric current. The force or voltage must be stronger than the resistance of ohms for electricity to flow through a wire.

10. Electrical Measurements • Watt - Measures how much electric energy is used in one second. Example: a 60 watt light bulb uses 60 watts of energy per second

11. Underwriters Laboratory • UL is the trusted source across the globe for product compliance. Benefiting a range of customers - from manufacturers and retailers to consumers and regulating bodies - we've tested products for public safety for more than a century.

12. Open and Closed Circuit • Open Circuit – when the electrical path is broken or not complete. • Closed Circuit – when the electrical path is complete and unbroken

13. Overload and Short Circuit

14. Fuse and Circuit Breakers

15. Shock • Local- passes through a small part of the body, and can cause burns and muscle contractions • General – passes through the nervous system , can cause the heart to stop and breathing to cease and the muscles to convulse

16. Electrotherapy • Modality – type of electrical current • Polarity- the positive or negative pull of a current

17. Galvanic • DC • Electrochemical Effect (ionization) • Has positive or negative charge • Phoresis- forcing water based solution into the skin with galvanic current

18. Galvanic - Ionphoresis • Breaking down of product molecules so the product can penetrate the skin more effectively. • Treatment in which the deeper layers of the epidermis are built up or nourished • Method used: Cataphoresis – acid solution and positive pole • Benefits: • Product penetration • Tighten and firms tissue • Contracts follicle walls • Constricts blood vessels and decreases blood flow • Decreases sensitivity • Creates an antibacterial effect on the skin • Relieves post extraction irritation

19. Ionphoresis

20. Galvanic – Desincrustation • Treatment in which blockages in the skin are broken down, also known as a deep pore cleansing • Takes the sebum of the skin and turns it into lye (sodium hydroxide) • Method used: Anaphoresis- Alkaline solution and a negative pole • Saponification occurs • Benefits: • Softens tissues • Expands pores • Increases blood flow • Increases sensitivity • Removes excess sebum • Deep pore cleansing

21. Desincrustation • Sebum + alkaline solution+ negative current = saponification ( the process of turning oil into lye)

22. Electrodes, Active and Inactive

23. High Frequency • “Telsa Current” • AC • Electrode filled with gas (argon (purple) or neon) • O3 • Thermo • 3 methods: • Direct • Indirect • Sparking

24. Sparking • O3 (too much can damage tissue leaving brown marks) • Helps dry up areas • Sparking gap

25. Direct HF • O3 – germicidal effect • Reduces inflammation • Treats oily skin • Helps clear blemishes • Stimulates surface tissue • Creates thermal effect • Increases Circulation • Dries surface of the skin

26. Indirect HF • Stimulates glandular activity • Aids in product penetration • Assist in massage of mature skin • Induces relaxation • Thermal effect

27. Faradic • “passive form of exercise” • Stimulation to the motor point can cause muscle contractions • Mechanical, non chemical reaction • Improves muscle tone • Stimulates glandular activity • Increases circulation

28. Sinusoidal • Similar to faradic but allows for deeper penetration • Indirect method only

29. Contraindications for Electrotherapy • Pregnancy • Heart condition • Epilepsy • Open cuts or sores • Diabetes • Couperose • Metal plates or pins • Clients on strong acne medications • Clients with hypersensitive skin

30. Light Therapy • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/19090-exploring-light-and-color-the-electromagnetic-spectrum-video.htm

31. Visible Light • Fluorescent – blue or cool tones • Incandescent – red or warm tones • White light- combination light

32. Invisible Light • UV • UVA – aging rays • UVB- burning rays • UVC- beyond ozone • Produces vitamin D

33. Invisible Light – Infrared • Produces heat • Increases circulation • Increases glandular activity • Relaxes muscles • Stimulates tissue and cell activity • Antibacterial effect • Used on acne prone skins • Allows for better product penetration

34. Equipment Magnification Lamp Woods Lamp

35. Equipment Mag Lamp or loupe • Lighted magnification • 3, 5, or 10 diopter • 30x, 50x or 10x magnification • Black light • Blue/white- normal • Bright fluorescent- hydrated • Light violet- dehydrated • Purple- thin skin dehydrated • White- dead skin cells • White fluorescent- thick corneum layer • Yellow, pink, orange- oily areas or clogged pores • Brown- pigmentation, sun damage Woods Lamp

36. Skin Scope

37. Steamer • Soften dead skin cells • Expand pores • Hydrate • Increase circulation • Better product penetration • O3 • Helps eliminate toxins • Increase cell metabolism • 14 -16 inches from the face for 3-5 minutes • Cannot be used on sensitive, couperose, rosacea, sunburn, irritations, open cuts and sores, heart problems

38. Suction Machine • Deep pore cleansing • Prep for extractions • Increases circulation • Has massaging effects • Not to be used on rosacea, couperose, heart problems, infected acne, sensitive skin

39. Spray Machine • Water based solution • Toning • Stimulates nerve ending and cellular metabolism

40. Lucas Spray • Dr Lucas Championniere • One beaker holds the herbs to be pulverized • The other beaker catches the liquid • Very fine mist

41. Brush Machine • Exfoliates • Dry brushing • Buffing • Increases circulation • Sloughs off dead skin • Exfoliation factors apply

42. Microdermabrasion • Aluminum oxide crystals • Fine lines, hyper pigmentation and superficial scarring • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery-health/14389-human-atlas-microdermabrasion-video.htm