Historic Area Planning in the Process of Urbanization

1. Historic Area Planning in the Process of Urbanization Experience of the Historic Preservation in Portland, Oregon 2011-12-08 城镇化过程中历史风貌地区规划课题研究：波特兰的城市历史保护经验 Deng, Qi Vice Chief Planner Homedale Institute of Urban Planning & Arch. Design Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design E-mail: yhxycity@163.com. Mobile: +8613910851344

2. Background 人类社会的历史资源具有不可复制性和不可再生性。 Historical resources not be copied and are non-renewable. 快速城镇化和工业化，使城镇的历史风貌遭到破坏 Rapid urbanization and industrialization destroy the historic look of the town. 这一保护与发展之间的矛盾，在目前快速城镇化过程中日益突出。 Contradiction between conservation and development.

3. Background 从保护的手段上看，美国的历史保护包括这样的关键词： USA historic preservation key words: Grant, Law, Executive Orders & Regulations, Standards & Guidelines, Tax Incentives. 在城市历史保护的技术层面上，我国和美国有不少相同之处，但在机制运作和实施方式上，差别很大，这其中许多值得我们借鉴。 in the technical aspects of historic preservation, there are many similarities between China and the United States, but the way of operation and implementation mechanisms vary greatly. Many of them are worthy of studying.

4. 国家立法 National Legal 感兴趣的要点：古迹和历史街区注册、税收奖励政策、保护和建设中的鼓励机制、设计审查 Points of Interest: The National Register Process, Tax Incentives, Zoning Code Preservation Incentives, Historic Design Reviews 波特兰和北京的案例以及感悟 The Case of Portland and Beijing， And Sentiment

5. Interpretation of national law level国家法律层面的解读 China:《PRC Cultural Relics Protection Law》(2002),《Preservation Ordinance of Historical and Cultural City, Town and Village》(2008). USA: “National Historic Preservation Act of 1966". 对于保护的立法初衷，中国和美国是一样的，都是强调继承遗产，发扬民族精神。 Original legislative mind: same,  emphasize inheritance and carry forward the national spirit. CHINA: preservation, inheriting, research, patriotism and tradition education, civilization USA: spirit, living part of community life, are being lost or substantially altered, benefits will be maintained and enriched for future generations of Americans, genuine opportunity to appreciate and enjoy the rich heritage, assist economic growth and development;

6. Interpretation of national law level国家法律层面的解读 《文物保护法》：涉及各个类型的历史遗存和文物。历史城市和村镇及单体建筑列入不可移动文物，确定分级以及相应级别的行政管理，相应的建设和控制管理规定。责任：撤销、处罚、处分 《Cultural Relics Protection Law》:involves various types of historical relics and heritage, historic cities, towns and the individual buildings. Determining the classification and the corresponding construction and control regulations. Responsibilities: withdraw, penalties, sanctions 《名城名镇名村条例》：对历史文化名城、名镇、名村的申报和批准的规定。保护规划的要求，保护规划的编制以及规划的科学、民主和公开。保护措施的要求，违反条例的相关处罚 《Preservation Ordinance 》：is the declaration and approval requirements, preservation planning requirements, ensuring of scientific, democratic and open. Protection steps requirements, related penalties for breaking the regulations.

7. Interpretation of national law level国家法律层面的解读 “法案”建立了国家历史场所登录制度。这一法案同时设定了对于各州的拨款，用于历史建筑测绘、保护规划、国家历史场所登录制度的提名、以及对于历史建筑的购买和保护；成立了专门监督实施情况的机构：历史保护顾问委员会。 “National Historic Preservation Act” established a registration system of national historic sites. Also sets funding for states for the mapping of historic buildings, preservation planning, national historic sites login system nomination, and for the purchase and protection of historic buildings; set up a special agency to oversee implementation – Historic Preservation Advisory Committee.

8. Interpretation of national law level国家法律层面的解读 法律中关于资金支和持公众参与的内容，《文物保护法》没有涉及；《条例》提到了，没有具体措施。 The content in the laws on financial support and public participation, “Cultural Relics Protection Law”does not involve;“Preservation Ordinance ”refers to:broad consultation, may hold hearings. Owners being responsible for the maintenance and repair. Local governments should give maintenance and repair grants and take measures to protect. the planning should be open. Strengthen the scientific, democratic and open force, and strengthen the government management and responsibility.

9. Interpretation of national law level国家法律层面的解读 《1966法案》对于文物划定、鼓励机制、资金政策以及全过程的参与都有述及。 “National Historic Preservation Act” for heritage designation, incentives, funding policies and the participation of the whole process are addressed: to give maximum encouragement to organizations and individuals undertaking preservation by private means; encourage the public and private preservation and utilization of all usable elements of the Nation's historic built environment.

10. 国家立法 National Legal 感兴趣的要点：古迹和历史街区注册、税收奖励政策、保护和建设中的鼓励机制、设计审查 Points of Interest: The National Register Process, Tax Incentives, Zoning Code Preservation Incentives, Historic Design Reviews 波特兰和北京的案例以及感悟 The Case of Portland and Beijing， And Sentiment

11. Historic Preservation Planning Protection Planning difference保护规划编制的差异 中国的保护规划是自上而下的体系，侧重于空间物质形态的研究及其环境要素的保护。美国的保护规划内容，有相当的篇幅关于社会、经济形态的研究，有通过保护规划达到普及和宣传的效果，唤起公众对保护理念的认同，像其他的规划一样，让公众参与到保护规划的整个过程。 Chinese preservation planning is a top-down system, focusing on physical space form research and its environmental elements protection. American preservation planning pay much attention to the social, economic form research, Through the preservation planning to achieve the effect of the popularization and promotion, raising public awareness of the identity of the preservation concepts, like other planning, getting the public involving in the entire protection planning process.

12. Tax Policy 1976年和1981年的一些税法激励了历史财产再利用，同时消除了建筑拆除的任何利益补偿。1981年的《经济复兴税收法》则进一步加强了对历史建筑再利用的经济激励。 • Some of the historic property tax incentives in 1976 and 1981 stimulate the re-use of the historic property, while eliminate any benefit compensation for building demolition. 1981 "Economic Recovery Tax Act" is the economic incentives for further strengthening the re-use of historic buildings. • Income of the tax credit 20%: The Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives program offers a 20% tax credit for the rehabilitation of income-producing historic structures. • 10% Tax Credit: The 10% tax credit is available for the rehabilitation of non-historic buildings placed in service before 1936. • Tax Benefits for Historic Preservation Easements

13. Financial Incentives for Historic Preservation • Federal Historic Tax Credits • Oregon Historic Special Assessment (SHPO) • Preservation Easements (HPLO) • Preserving Oregon Grants (SHPO) • Save America’s Treasures Program (NPS) • National Trust for Historic Preservation Programs • Miscellaneous Programs • List of Oregon Charitable Foundations

14. GOAL 5: Natural Resources, Scenic & Historic Areas, and Open Spaces----Oregon • To protect natural resources and conserve scenic and historic areas and open spaces Local governments shall adopt programs that will protect natural resources and conserve scenic, historic, and open space resources for present and future generations. These resources promote a healthy environment and natural landscape that contributes to Oregon's livability. • maintain current inventories of resources: Historic Resources; • Planning • Implementation

15. Historic Resources and Preservation in Portland • 500 historic landmarks; • 2 National Historic Landmarks; • 12 conservation landmarks. • 14 historic districts, • 7 conservation districts. are designated by the Portland Historic Landmarks Commission. • Portland is a "Certified Local Government" (CLG), the City of Portland participates in a preservation partnership with the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and the National Park Service (NPS). • The National Register nomination process for individual properties and districts may be initiated by citizens, property owners, or local, state and federal governmental bodies. • Historic Resources Inventory: In 1984 the City of Portland completed and adopted a citywide inventory of more than 5,000 properties that were determined to have potential historical and architectural significance

16. Portland Historic Resources Zoning Regulations Types of Historic Resources • Historic Landmarks, Conservation Landmarks • Historic Districts, Conservation Districts • Properties Listed in the Historic Resources Inventory Historic Designation Processes • National Register Listing • City of Portland Historic Designation Process • Local Historic Designation Removal Process • New listings in the Historic Resources Inventory Historic Design Review architectural style; structure placement, dimensions, height, and bulk; lot coverage; building materials and color; and other factors. ensures that: • Special historical, cultural, and architectural features; • New development and changes enhance the surrounding area; • New development enhances the environment for pedestrians.

17. Portland Historic Resources Zoning Regulations Zoning Code Preservation Incentives: Special zoning provisions, or incentives, encourage new historic designations and increase the potential for historic resources to be used, renovated, and preserved. Transfer of density and floor area ratio (FAR). Additional density in Single-Dwelling zones Additional density in Multi-Dwelling zones Daycare in residential zones. Conditional uses in R, C, and E zones. Exemption from minimum density. Nonresidential uses in the RX zone. Nonresidential uses in the RH, R1 and R2 zones. Commercial allowances in Employment and Industrial zones. Commercial allowances in the Central City IG1 Zone. Incentives in the Guild’s Lake Industrial Sanctuary District. Demolition or Relocation of Historic Resources Building Codes: Special Provisions for Historic Buildings

18. HISTORIC DISTRICT GUIDELINES • Area Character Guidelines • Pedestrian Emphasis Guidelines • Project Design Guidelines The guidelines for Historic District are intended to guide exterior alterations of existing buildings (including additions) and new construction. The guidelines are designed to maintain and preserve those qualities that make the Historic District a unique historic neighborhood.

19. Impression of Portland City

20. 国家立法 National Legal 感兴趣的要点：古迹和历史街区注册、税收奖励政策、保护和建设中的鼓励机制、设计审查 Points of Interest: The National Register Process, Tax Incentives, Zoning Code Preservation Incentives, Historic Design Reviews 波特兰和北京的案例以及感悟 The Case of Portland and Beijing， And Sentiment

21. Case 1： Re-Presenting the Post-Industrial Neighborhood: Planning and Redevelopment in Portland’s Pearl District Provides an excellent example of processes associated with the creation of a post-industrial urban neighborhood. The redevelopment of this area demonstrates a conscious attempt to create a specific conception of urban place vital to Portland’s image as the capital of good planning.

22. Case 2: “New world” & Tianzifang in Shanghai “新天地”在原有的老上海传统“里弄式”街坊的基础上，进行改建，房屋完全按传统风格进行了翻新，用于餐厅、酒吧、冷饮店、礼品店、小旅馆、会所等用途，成为在繁华的都市里的“新天地” "New World"in the original tradition of the old Shanghai based on the “Linong" style block conversion, according to the traditional style of housing has been completely renovated for restaurants, bars, cold stores, gift shops, small hotels, clubs and other purposes, just as a "new world“ in the central downtown of the city 田子坊完全保留了原有的老旧建筑，甚至连同保留了原有的破旧和凌乱。成功的商业开发使这里具有良好的市场环境和人气，聚集了餐厅、酒吧、冷饮店、礼品店、书店等小型商业业态。 Tianzifangfully retain the original old buildings, and even retained the original together with the old and messy. Successful commercial development here has a good market environment and lively popularity, bustling, together with restaurants, bars, cold stores, gift shops, bookstores and other small commercial activities.

23. Case 3:Zhaitang town center planning and the West Zhaitang Village historic preservation planning 由于紧邻镇中心商业区，一，可以直接吸取和利用这片商业中心的有利资源完善村内的各种设施。二，村民可以利用自己的房屋自我经营，增加村民收入。三，可以在村落的改造和建设中发展自己的特色，使其自身成为具有一定商业价值的特色风貌村落，同时也是镇区重要组成部分。 This Village is adjacent to the town central business district, • it can learn and use these favorable resources of the business center to improve village facilities. • it can use their house to self-manage to increase villagers' income. • the transformation and construction in the village can develop its own characteristics, make itself become an idiomatical village with a certain business value, and also an important part of the township.

24. Case 3:Zhaitang town center planning and the West Zhaitang Village historic preservation planning 编制了保护规划和建筑改造知识手册 Have done preservation planning and the preparation of the transformation of knowledge construction handbook 规划制定了实施细则，包括：管理制度、法律制度、居民参与制度、资金管理制度、审批程序、监理与验收、奖励制度。 Planning the implementation details to develop, including: management system, legal system, residents participation system, financial management system, the approval process ,supervision and inspection, reward. 但是没有被重视。政府的主要精力是如何获取资金，遗憾的是各种获得的资金都不是针对保护的，根据审计制度，无法用于保护的实施。更没有考虑公众的参与和相关鼓励政策。相对琉璃渠来说，它不具备名村的法律地位。 But the works for the project are not taken seriously. The Government's main focus is how to get money. Unfortunately, because it does not have the legal status of historic village. not all available funds for preservation, according to the audit system, lot of the funds can not be used for preservation implementation. And no consideration of public participation and related incentives.

25. Case 3: Zhaitang town center planning and the West Zhaitang Village historic preservation planning 实施策略：斋堂镇不是房地产开发的热门地区，而是以山区旅游集散功能为主。由于土地级差地租较低，用房地产开发的盈利无法支撑历史村落的基础设施建设和修缮。 Implementation way: Zhaitang is not a popular area of ​​real estate development, the main distribution function is mountain tourism. Differential rent of land is low, the profitability of real estate development with the history of the village can not support the repair of construction and infrastructure.

26. What can be learned？What can not learn？哪些可以学？哪些学不来？ 技术层面----习惯和方法：容易学，可以创新，改变一下固有的习惯 1) The technical level ---- are norms and methods: easy to learn, to innovate, and to change the inherent norms 体制背景层面：不容易学，体制上的创新是比较难的，涉及到社会政治经济领域的问题，有些是会涉及到意识形态等敏感问题。 2) Institutional background levels---- not easy to learn, but can be tried. Institutional innovation is more difficult, involving the social, political and economic problems in the field, some will be sensitive issues related to ideology. 文化背景层面：很难学，甚至不能学。中国社会的民主制度建设正在向进步的方向前进。西方的民主思想早在古希腊时期就已经形成，那个时候中国还是2000多年的封建社会才刚刚开始。这不是意识形态问题，这是文化背景问题。 3) Cultural background levels---- hard to learn, even can not learn. Chinese social democratic system is heading the direction of progress. Western democratic ideas, as early as in ancient Greece, has been formed, at that time, Chinese 2,000 years feudal society had only just begun. This is not a question of ideology, this is a cultural issue.

27. What can be learned？What can not learn？哪些可以学？哪些学不来？ 财税补贴政策：难以实现。美国的地方政府的税收一大部分来自于房地产的持有税，而中国地方政府的税收主要来自土地一次性出让的出让金。也正因为此，政府的精力总是放在每一个开发项目上。拆迁量越大，重建和开发量也就越大，这样就能扩大建设量，拉动经济增长和税收。保护不仅减少税收来源，而且还需要增加财政投入。所以，地方政府和开发商热衷于拆旧建新，如果财税体制不变革，历史保护的推动会很困难。 • Tax Credit : difficult to achieve. U.S. local government tax revenue comes from a large real estate holding tax, and the Chinese local government revenue mainly from one-time transfer of the land transfer. Which is why the government's focus is always on the development projects. The greater the amount of demolition, the greater the amount of reconstruction and development, so that they can expand the amount of construction, promote economic growth and tax revenue. Preservation not only to reduce the sources of tax revenue, but also the need to increase financial input. Therefore, local governments and developers like to build a new demolition of the old. If the tax system does not change, historic preservation will be very difficult to promote.

28. What can be learned？What can not learn？哪些可以学？哪些学不来？ 健全历史申报制度，划定保护区。从法律上给需要保护的地区一个名分，这样就迫使政府和开发商在城市发展过程中，对历史地区按照法律进行保护。 • Sound historical register system, designation of preservation district. Need preserved from the law to a particular sub-areas, forcing governments and developers in the urban development process, in accordance with the law to protect historic districts. 保护区的土地收益：保护区无法进行大规模的全面开发，无法通过土地权属的转换带来土地收益，断绝了保护区用地上的土地财政。在这种情况下，建议把土地的效益转给保护用地上的居民，使其拥有房地资产，从而提升保护区价值，通过市场，遵循保护原则，促使小规模的保护。 • Land revenue of preservation district: preserved district can not be large-scale fully developed, the conversion of land ownership can not be brought land revenue, it cut off the finance on the land of preserved district. In this case, the benefits of the preserved district land should be transferred to the land's inhabitants, it has the premises of the assets, so as to enhance the value of preserved district , through the market, follow the principle of protection, to promote small-scale protection.

29. What can be learned？What can not learn？哪些可以学？哪些学不来？ 保护街区和建筑，依据保护规划纳入控规，同时给予相应的用地和建筑指标鼓励：异地指标转移；容积率奖励；特殊的建设规范；赋予保护区内建筑具有实际用途，体现经济价值，鼓励历史建筑的商业经营和就业。 • Historic preservation district and historic buildings, according to preservation planning into the control planning, while giving the appropriate encouraged indicators to land and buildings: the transfer of remote indicators; transfer of density and floor area ratio (FAR), special construction standards; given the construction of practical use in preservation areas, reflecting the economic value, encourage historical construction of business operations and employment. 深化保护规划，充分研究保护区的社会经济和发展动力，加强宣传和公众参与。 • Deepen preservation planning, need full research and development of social and economic power preservation areas, publicity and public participation 完善设计审查制度，制定详细的规范、手册等技术文件。 • Improve the Historic Design Review system, the development of detailed specifications, manuals and other technical documents.

30. Thank you for attention 欢迎去中国，欣赏和研究我们的历史文化，喜欢我们每一个城市中的历史文化要素 Welcome to China, appreciation and study our history and culture, like our historical and cultural elements in every city.