India @ 7 Billion

1. India @ 7 Billion Tapping the strengths we have, to leverage the opportunities we will get

2. Up Ahead • Population dynamics • Socio-economic and reproductive health status • Strategic focus • Youth • Ageing • Sex Selection • Way forward

3. “ We are 7 billion people with 7 billion possibilities.” - Dr.Babatunde Osotimehin Executive Director, UNFPA State of World Population Report 2011

4. Population Dynamics

5. China and India: The Population Billionaires (millions) Source: Calculated from World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision

6. India: 1.2B of the 7B Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Bihar West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan Karnataka Gujarat Orissa Kerala Jharkhand Assam Punjab Chhattisgarh Haryana NCT of Delhi Jammu & Kashmir Uttarakhand Himachal Pradesh Nagaland Brazil Mexico Germany Vietnam Philippines Thailand France Italy South Africa Argentina Canada Uganda Uzbekistan Peru Romania Ghana Cambodia Belgium Austria Botswana

7. Opportunity clock ticking fast Annual Population Growth Rates (1975-2100) Source: Calculated from World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision

8. “ …fertility, health, poverty, patterns of production and consumption and empowerment are so closely interconnected that none of them can be considered in isolation.” State of World Population Report 2011

9. Social, Economic and Reproductive Health Status

10. India: Land of paradox

11. India: Land of paradox

12. Changing Income Pattern(INR in 000s) - India Rich Middle Household in millions Poor Data source: McKinsey Global Institute, 2007

13. “Charting a path now to development that promotes equality rather than exacerbates or reinforces inequalities, is more important than ever.” State of World Population Report 2011

14. Strategic focus • Youth • Ageing • Sex Selection Gender

15. Why youth and ageing? Source: Calculated from World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision

16. Demographic paradox Source: Calculated from Population Projections Report 2001-26, ORGI, New Delhi

17. “Today’s generation of young people is poised to change the world in fundamental ways…” State of World Population Report 2011

18. Why youth? • Largest ever adolescent and youth population aged 10-24 years (estimated to be 358 million) in India • Low education attainment of girls • Female age at marriage is low and more than two-fifths are married before 18 years of age • One out of 4 adolescents (15-19) is married and nearly one-sixth have started child bearing • Nearly 45 percent of maternal deaths occur among married 15-24 year old • Unmet need for spacing is high • Contraceptive prevalence is low • Smaller interval between births has resulted in higher maternal and infant mortality

19. “Population ageing is… unprecedented, pervasive, profound and enduring.” State of World Population Report 2011

20. Why ageing? • 80 million elderly in India around 2001 • 30 million of them estimated to be living alone • 90 percent of them work for livelihood • About 12 million are blind • Regional variations in the country and linked to demographic transition • Southern states have started going through second phase of demographic transition • Inter-related issues of concern • Poverty, Migration, Health, Ruralization and Feminization • Expected to increase to 173 million by 2026 as per the expert committee projections

21. “…eliminate all forms of discrimination against the girl child and the root causes of son preference, which result in harmful and unethical practices regarding female infanticide and prenatal sex selection” Preventing gender biased sex selection: An interagency statement OHCHR, UNFPA,UNICEF, UN Women and WHO

22. Why sex-selection? • Pre-natal sex selection • Post natal discrimination against girls • It is estimated that during 2001 to 2008, 5.7 lakh girls have gone ‘missing’ annually. • Incidents of polyandry, bride trafficking, exchange marriages and ‘honor killings’ observed in female deficit states. In these states: • Men enforce stringent control over choices available before women and expect strict adherence to patriarchal norms • Mobility of women is curtailed • Paucity of girls does not enhance their value in society

23. Neglect of girls eminent due to low sex ratio at birth and child sex ratio Note: SRB calculated using reverse survival technique Source: Calculated from Census of India Provisional Results 2011

24. Way forward

25. “The future depends on the choices that we make now.” State of World Population Report 2011

26. Addressing adolescent fertility Addressing youth • Increasing access to reproductive health services and information for young people • Integrating HIV and RH services to benefit young • Increasing age at marriage and delaying first birth Adolescent life skills enhancement • Integrating life-skills education within the school curriculum • Replicating life-skills education efforts for out-of-school boys and girls • Linking life-skills with vocational training institutes and National Skill Development Corporation

27. Addressing Ageing • Building knowledge base on Ageing • Establish support system for the aged (physical, social and financial) • Influencing policy discourse and action • Advocating at the policy level for old-age security, medical care and social services • Networking with different stakeholders for complementing governmental efforts

28. Addressing Sex Selection • Strengthening PCPNDT Act implementation • Community action to reduce discrimination against girls • Strengthening policies, schemes and incentives to reverse son preference • Promoting civil society action against son preference

29. Thank You