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R elat iv ist ic Effects in C hemi stry and in Atomic Physics

Department of Atom ic Physics. Institute of Physics. Jagiello nian University. Why is Gold Yellow. R elat iv ist ic Effects in C hemi stry and in Atomic Physics. Jacek Bieroń. Cracow. Varför är guldet gult ?. Miksi Kulta on Keltaista?. Relativistiska effekter i kemi och i atomfysik.

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R elat iv ist ic Effects in C hemi stry and in Atomic Physics

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  1. Department of Atomic Physics Instituteof Physics Jagiellonian University Why is Gold Yellow Relativistic Effects inChemistry and in Atomic Physics Jacek Bieroń Cracow

  2. Varför är guldet gult? Miksi Kulta on Keltaista? Relativistiska effekter i kemi och i atomfysik Suhteellisuusteoreettisista Ilmiista Kemiassa jaAtomifysiikassa Kemian Laitos Pekka Pyykkö Laboratoriet for svensksprakig undervisning Helsingin Yliopisto

  3. Zakład Optyki Atomowej Instytut Fizyki Uniwersytet Jagielloński Dlaczego złoto jest żółte czyli efekty relatywistyczne w chemii i fizyce atomowej Jacek Bieroń Kraków, 8 kwietnia 2008

  4. Quantum Mechanics of Many-Electron Atoms relativity ideas [...] are of no importance in the consideration of atomic and molecular structure and ordinary chemical reactions, in which it is, indeed, usually sufficiently accurate if one neg- lects relativity variation of mass with velocity and assumes only Coulomb forces between the various electrons and atomic nuclei.

  5. Simple, Bohring algebra …

  6. Speed of a Bohr electron forZ=137 v ~ c Z(Au) = 79

  7. Size of a Bohr atom (Bohr radius)

  8. for Energy of a Bohr atom

  9. Relativistic effects Difference between two models: „relativistic” „nonrelativistic” „effect” of a model, nota physical effect

  10. Résumé Einstein Coulomb

  11. Relativistic effects in hydrogenic ions 1 for

  12. Aufbau Non-Rel. Rel. 1s

  13. Orthogonal orbitals

  14. Relativistic aufbau Rel. Non-Rel. Non-Rel. Rel. 7s 3s 2s 1s

  15. Orthogonal orbitals

  16. Relativistic effects in the shell structure of heavy atoms Rel. Non-Rel. Non-Rel. Rel. 4f 4d 7s f - ekspansion d - ekspansion ... s - contraction 3s 2s 1s

  17. Energies of valence electrons 3.5 eV 2.3 eV

  18. Energy levels in atoms, molecules, and solids

  19. Energy bands in solids

  20. Optical reflectivity 3.5 eV Ag Reflectivity index [%] Au 2.3 eV Energyof incident light [eV]

  21. Physiology of color

  22. Color wheel color perceived in reflected light absorbed color (complementary colors)

  23. Color perceived in reflected light color perceived color absorbed temat na seminarium?

  24. Relativistic effects in chemistry Gold is yellow (while silver is white) forbidden transition, so isolated Au atom is „white”) Bismuthis trivalent (while antymony – penta-) (whilecadmiumis solid) Mercury is liquid Ground state configuration: Platinum Pt (palladium Pd ) (while CsAg does not) CsAu exists Thank you for your attention

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