From the Paleolithic Era to Civilization

1. Early Humans From the Paleolithic Era to Civilization

2. Prehistory • The time period before writing was invented is known as Prehistory. • History is the time period after writing was invented. • Prehistory is also known as the Stone Age. • The Stone Age has two parts: • Old Stone Age or Paleolithic • New Stone Age or Neolithic

3. were nomads made simple tools and weapons out of stone, bone, or wood; used caves and rocky overhangs for shelter; cave paintings Gave us an understanding of what life was like then Lascaux, Altamira learned to build fires for warmth, cooking, light, and ceremonies. Also used as a tool, weapon and a signal invented tools for hunting, fishing, protection, and shelter had spoken language Needed for communication among one another so people could share ideas and trade During the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic era, people lived as nomads, insmall hunting and food gathering groups. These people: 2

4. 2 Early people left evidence of their belief in a spiritual world. Stone statues are believed to have had religious meaning. Statues of pregnant women suggest that early people worshiped earth-mother goddesses. Animismis the belief that the world Is full of spirits and forces that might reside in animals, or objects. Cave paintings may have been part of animist religious rituals. Early people began burying their dead with care, suggesting a belief in life after death. They provided the dead with tools and weapons for the afterlife.

5. The Neolithic Revolution • Early man lived in groups of 2 to 3 dozen people. • Men did the hunting. • Women gathered fruit, berries, roots, and grasses. • The scattering of seeds, about 10,000 years ago, led to the Neolithic Revolution. The move from hunting and gathering to farming and herding took place over and over at different places in the world at different times.

6. Causes of the NeolithicAgricultural Revolution 1. The change in climate was a major factor for the Agricultural Revolution. 2. Rising temperatures allowed for longer growing seasons and drier land for cultivating. 3. A large supply of grain led to population growth. 4. A growing population led to a need to look for new food. 5. Farming offered a steady source of food.

7. 2 The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution Neolithic Agricultural Revolution was the change from nomadic to farming life. This led to the development of civilization PEOPLE BEFORE PEOPLE AFTER Relied on hunting and gathering. Learned to farm and were able to produce their own food. Nomads lived in small hunting and food-gathering groups. Settled into permanent villages. Waited for migrating animals to return each year. Learned to domesticate, or tame, animals. This provided a dependable source of meat.

8. Early Farming Techniques 1. Slash-and-burn farming is the cutting of trees, etc. to clear a field. 2. The ashes acted as fertilizer. 3. The land would be used for a year or two. Domestication of Animals 1. Early man’s understanding of plants aided the development of farming. 2. Early man’s understanding of wild animals aide the domestication of wild animals 3. Domestication is the taming of wild animals. 4. Some of the first animals tamed were horses, dogs, goats, and pigs. 5. Pastoral nomads moved their sheep, goats, camels, etc. from place to place.

9. Summary of Progress During the Stone Age • Some achievements during Stone Age were invention of tools, controlling fire and development of language • Paleolithic Age (2.5 million to 8000 B.C.) was the earlier part of the Stone Age in the Ice Age • The earliest stone chopping tools can be dated to the Paleolithic Age • Neolithic Age (8000 to 3000 B.C.) was know n as the New Stone Age. • In the Neolithic Age people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals

10. Catal Huyuk (chuh-TUL hoo-YOOK) 1. This was a village located in south-central Turkey. 2. Farmers grew large crops of wheat, barley and peas.

11. 3.Villagers raised sheep and cattle. 4. Potters and weavers were some of then skilled workers in the village.

12. 5. At one point, there were about 6,000 people living in the village. 6. Religious rituals were dedicated to a mother goddess who was believed to control the supply of grain.

13. 7. Some of the problems with this new way of life were: a. Villages could be destroyed by floods, fire, drought & other natural disasters. b. Diseases spread quickly because people lived so close to each other. c. A village could be open to attack from neighboring villagers or nomads.

14. 8. Some villages grew into large cities.

15. Key Ideas People gradually give up hunting and gathering and learn to cultivate crops, domesticate animals, and live in settled villages. Some villages grow and prosper, developing complex social and economic systems that set the stage for the development of civilization.

16. 3 What led to the rise of civilizations? Farmers began cultivating lands along river valleys and producing surplus, or extra, food. Surpluses helped populations expand. As populations grew, some villages swelled into cities.

17. 3 Basic Features of a Civilization A civilizationis a complex, highly organized social order. Historians distinguish eight basic features found in most early civilizations: 1. Cities 2. Well-organized central governments • Complex religions-Most were polytheistic, 4. Job specialization 5. Social classes 6. Arts and architecture 7. Public works 8. Writing-developed pictograms

18. PERSIAN In AP World History, we use PERSIAN to describe various societies, civilizations, empires and nations. Intellectual Artistic Near Political Economic Religious Social Refer to Handout!

19. Civilizations spread when ancient rulers gained more power and conquered territories beyond the boundaries of their cities. Civilizations Spread and Change Civilizations change when the physical environment changes. Example: A tremendous volcano may have wiped out Minoan civilization. Powerful rulers created city-states and empires. Interactions among people also cause cultures to change. A city-state included a city and its surrounding lands and villages. Cultural diffusion is the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another.Cultural diffusion occurred through migration, trade, and warfare. An empire is a group of states or territories controlled by one ruler.

20. What advances did people make during the Old Stone Age? How can we learn about the religious beliefs of early people? Why was the Neolithic agricultural revolution a turning point in history? What are the key features of civilization? 2 Key Questions

21. TASK: Early Humans Comic Strip • You have recently been hired by the local paper to create a comic strip that illustrates the changes in human development from the Paleolithic Era to the rise of civilizations. • Your task is to create a 3-frame comic strip that illustrates the unique characteristics of each time period. • Refer back to your notes and reading on Early Humans for help.

22. You must include: • 3 Drawings or clip art figures of early man (no stick figures) • Drawings should illustrate features of the period. • Captions, conversation bubbles and/or tag lines • Color • Summary of each time period Going Hunting.