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2013 DYNAMIC PLANET EVENT PREPARATION COURSE

2013 DYNAMIC PLANET EVENT PREPARATION COURSE. COURSE INSTRUCTOR:. Mark A. Van Hecke 2013 Dynamic Planet National Event Supervisor CTT+ Certified Trainer East China, Michigan mvanhecke@comcast.net. SCIENCE OLYMPIAD EVENT TRAINING.

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2013 DYNAMIC PLANET EVENT PREPARATION COURSE

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  1. 2013 DYNAMIC PLANET EVENT PREPARATION COURSE

  2. COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Mark A. Van Hecke 2013 Dynamic Planet National Event Supervisor CTT+ Certified Trainer East China, Michigan mvanhecke@comcast.net

  3. SCIENCE OLYMPIAD EVENT TRAINING

  4. APPLICATION OF HORTON’S ONLINE LEARNING PARADIGM TO SCIENCE OLYMPIAD EVENT TRAINING ABSORB DO CONNECT

  5. CONTENT KNOWLEDGE A big part of success in Science Olympiad Earth-Space Science Events is the acquisition of a rich and diverse body of knowledge related to each of the events. This is the ‘absorb’ of the Lesson.

  6. EXCURSIONS Excursions are ‘side trips’ that we take when we are on vacation….the same goes for new experiences that we can learn about in our education.

  7. EXCURSIONS Whenever you see this icon in the bottom right of your screen, just Click it to go to the Excursion Excursions are the ‘Do’ component of the Lesson.

  8. HOT LINKS ‘Hot Links’ refer to interesting websites that relate to what you are learning. If you see the icon shown below in the bottom right of each slide, click it to access an interesting website that will help you to see or better understand what you are learning.

  9. TEXTBOOK You will also need to download the following textbook. Click the URL below to download it (PDF) at no cost. http://gsscienceolympiad.wiki.elanco.net/file/view/Glaciers-Smith.pdf When you see it on the bottom right side of a slide, Click this Icon to see which pages you will need to read and what you should learn from the assignment.

  10. OTHER THINGS YOU WILL NEED Certain Excursions and activities in a Lesson may require additional supplies.

  11. SUMMARIES From time to time, we’ll pause the lesson to reflect on what we should have learned up to that point.

  12. SAMPLE EVENT QUESTIONS At the end of the lesson, there will be several sample tournament questions to answer and/or problems to solve. This is the ‘connect’ of the lesson.

  13. LESSON ONE: WHAT ARE GLACIERS?

  14. What You’ll Learn in This Lesson: 1. How glaciers are formed 2. How to describe the structure of a glacier and identify a glacier’s zone of accumulation and zone of ablation. 3. How to determine the zones of accumulation and ablation of a glacier. 4. Explain the ‘movement’ of glaciers and determine the direction of glacial flow.

  15. WHAT ARE GLACIERS?And why is it important to study them.

  16. A glacier is a perennial mass of ice that originates on land, and has movement.

  17. Glaciers store 75% of the Earth’s fresh water and cover about 15 million square kilometers-about 10% of our planet’s surface.

  18. If all of this ice melted, sea levels would rise about 70 meters worldwide.

  19. You could say that today’s glaciers are remnants from the last ‘Ice Age’, when ice covered 32% of the land and 30% of the oceans.

  20. From time to time, the climate of the Earth changes allowing cooler temperatures to endure for longer periods throughout the year.

  21. This allows glacial ice to expand into mid-latitude regions such as the Midwestern United States, New England and Northern Europe.

  22. These periods of expanding glacial ice are known as Ice Ages.

  23. Scientists know that over the past 750,000 years, there have been eight glacial ice age cycles.

  24. These Ice ages were separated by warmer periods known as interglacial periods.

  25. We are currently living in what is believed to be the end of an interglacial period.

  26. Glaciers also influence the direction of atmospheric and oceanic currents that regulate global temperature.

  27. Could the melting of glacial ice alter ocean and atmospheric currents creating a colder Earth?

  28. Or will ever-increasing levels of CO2 turn Earth into another Venus where daily temperatures exceed 800°F on most days?

  29. Glaciers also sculpt and shape the land leaving erosional and depositional landforms.

  30. Here in Michigan, the Great lakes were created by glaciers during the last Ice Age some 10,000 years ago.

  31. Glaciers also created thousands of kettle lakes throughout Michigan and other Midwestern states

  32. Glaciers are large masses of ice originating on land that form over an extended period of time. • Gradual changes in Earth’s orbit over many thousands of years result in long periods of glacial ice covering the Northern Hemisphere followed by periods of warmth and glacial retreat (interglacial). • Glaciers form many erosional and depositional landforms on the surface of the Earth. • Glaciers also influence Earth’s atmospheric and oceanic currents. SUMMARY

  33. HOW ARE GLACIERS FORMED?

  34. A glacier will form in a given location if the amount of snowfall (accumulation) exceeds the rate of melting (ablation).

  35. In glacial formation, this is termed as the zone of accumulation.

  36. A glacier’s zone of accumulation is usually located at its highest elevation.

  37. As snow accumulates over time in a given location, each new layer of snow pushes down on the layers of older snow beneath it.

  38. As a result of this compression, older layers of snow are melted, crystallized and compacted together.

  39. Snowflakes are changed to firn- an intermediate stage between snow and ice.

  40. Individual ice crystals near the melting point become semiliquid and slick allowing them to glide over other crystal planes.

  41. As this ice is pushed further and further down by more accumulating snow, the crystals interlock and begin to look and behave more like rock.

  42. A glacier’s zone of melting (ablation) is usually located at its lowest elevation.

  43. This is termed a glacier’s zone of ablation.

  44. Formation of Glaciers There are three criterion for a mass of ice to be a glacier: • They are made of ice • They form on land • They have movement

  45. Glaciers are made of air, ice crystals, water and rock debris.

  46. Each of these components will be addressed in our study of glaciers. For now, let’s look at ice crystals-the building blocks of glaciers.

  47. Ice Crystals Ice crystals are weak and can be made to slip on planes parallel to the basal plane as shown.

  48. As you will see this feature of ice crystals helps to explain their flow or ‘movement.’

  49. Density Of Water One of water’s most unusual characteristics is its density.

  50. Unlike many substances, water in its solid state (ice) is less dense than it is in its liquid state.

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