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Nitric Acid (HNO3)

Nitric Acid (HNO3) . The most important and useful oxoacid of nitrogen is nitric acid. Its molecular formula is HNO 3 and molar mass 53 g mol -1 . Laboratory preparation. Industrial Preparation Ostwald's process. Physical properties of nitric acid.

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Nitric Acid (HNO3)

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  1. Nitric Acid (HNO3) The most important and useful oxoacid of nitrogen is nitric acid. Its molecular formula is HNO3 and molar mass 53 g mol-1.

  2. Laboratory preparation

  3. Industrial PreparationOstwald's process

  4. Physical properties of nitric acid • Pure nitric acid is a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Impure acid or pure acid on standing develops yellow color due to the presence of dissolved oxides of nitrogen (mainly NO2). • It is completely soluble in water and forms a constant boiling mixture (120.5°C) with water. • Pure acid has a density of 1.54 g/mL. The constant boiling mixture has a density of 1.4 g/mL at 20°C. • Anhydrous nitric acid boils at 355.6 K (83.6°C) and freezes to a white solid at 231.4 K (- 41.7°C). • It has a corrosive action on the skin and causes yellow blisters.

  5. Structure of nitric acidNitric acid is a monobasic acid and may be structurally represented as,

  6. Tests for Nitric Acid • With copper turnings Dark brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are evolved. With a wooden splinter A wooden splinter turns yellow when dipped in nitric acid. Dilute nitric acid gives ring test Dilute nitric acid is taken in a test tube and freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution is added to it. Concentrated H2SO4 is poured carefully along the side of the test tube. A dark brown ring is formed at the junction of the two layers.

  7. Nitric Acid - Uses • Nitric acid has important commercial applications. It is used in: • The manufacture of important fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and basic calcium nitrate. • The manufacture of explosives like T.N.T, nitroglycerine, etc. • Rocket propellants: as an oxidizer. • Manufacture of artificial silk, dyes and plastics, and nitro derivatives of organic compounds. • The purification of gold and silver. • In the purification of silver nitrate which is used in making of photographic films and medicines. • As an important reagent in the laboratory.

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