Systems of the Human Body

1. Systems of the Human Body “The whole is greater than the sum of the parts.”

2. CELLS are the smallest units of living organisms. TISSUESare groups of cells working together. ORGANSare groups of tissues working together. SYSTEMSare groups of organs working together. AnORGANISMis a group of systems working together.

3. Cranium The Skeletal System performs 5 important functions: support movement protection of organs production of red and white blood cells storage of minerals Assemble a skeleton activity

4. Connective Tissue • Cartilage is found on the ends of bones and serves to cushion them, reducing friction. • Tendons connect muscles to bones. • Ligaments connect bones to bones. • Fascinating Facts • The largest joint in your body is the knee. • The smallest joints are between the 3 bones in your middle ear (anvil, hammer & stirrup).

5. There are 3 types of muscle tissue in the Muscular System: skeletal muscle(voluntary muscle which enables the body to move) smooth muscle (involuntarymuscle which performs tasks like breathing and digestion) cardiac muscle (involuntary muscle which enables the heart to beat) Interactive muscles Interactive Body Muscle Types

6. Fascinating Fact Some of the strongest muscles in your body are your jaw muscles. Humans can bite down with a force of 200 pounds per square inch, the same as a shark.

7. Integumentary System(otherwise known as the skin)… • protects the body from bacteria and radiation • enables us to sense our surroundings • cools us off by removing heat through evaporation of sweat • produces vitamin D Components of Skin Skin healing itself Sweating

8. Fascinating Facts about Skin, Hair & Fingernails • Your skin is the largest organ in your body. It averages about 25 square feet. • 2. You shed and grow a new skin every 27 days, which equals 13 skins a year, or 1000 in a lifetime. • 3. By the age of 70, the average person has grown 35 feet of hair from their scalp, 30 feet of fingernails from each hand, and has shed 105 pounds of skin.

9. Digestive System breaks down food into a form the body can use  absorbs nutrients for use by the body’s cells eliminates solid waste Digestionanimation More Digestion

10. Peristalsis is waves of involuntary muscle contractions that push food along through the digestive tract. Peristalsis animation Villi another Peristalsis animation are tiny finger-like projections in the small intestine that greatly increase its surface area. Nutrients are absorbed through the villi into the capillaries.

11. The Big Idea  The digestive system is a long tube of muscle that goes from your mouth to your anus.  Its job is to provide nutrients for your cells to use.

12. Circulatory System Heart Blood Vessels white blood cell Blood Beating Heart animation brings oxygen & nutrients to cells takes CO2 and waste away from cells platelet fights disease and infection red blood cell

14. Some videos of blood circulating anatomy of the heart The path of a red blood cell blood flowing through capillaries

15. The Big Idea The circulatory system is agiant delivery system. It delivers O2 and nutrients to cells, and takes away CO2 and waste. • Fascinating Facts • Your heart is about the size of your fist. • Your heart beats about 70 times a minute, and pumps about 5 quarts of blood every minute. • Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day; more than 36 million times a year. That’s over 180 million quarts of blood a year.

16. Respiratory System brings oxygen into the body, so that cells can perform respiration removes carbon dioxide and excess water from the body Respiration is the combining of sugar and oxygen to release energy. The byproducts are water and carbon dioxide. Respiration Lungs animation Asthma

17. Gas exchange animation more gas exchange

18. The Big Idea Oxygen in, Carbon dioxide out. • Fascinating Facts • Your lungs have over 300 million alveoli. • The average human’s lungs have about 1490 miles of air passages, with a total surface area of 650 square feet. • Every minute, you breathe in about 13 pints of air (that’s about 1.63 gallons of air). • In a day, a person breathes about 24,000 times. In a 70-year lifetime, that totals 600 million breaths, and a total of 13 million cubic feet of air, which is enough to fill 52 blimps.

19. Excretory System • filters uric acid, a waste product, from the blood, and excretes it as urine. • maintains the proper levels of water and salt in the body • regulates blood pressure Urination

20. Nervous System  receives information about what is happening inside and outside your body  directs the ways your body responds to this information by sending electrical signals  helps maintain homeostasis Brain Neuroscience games Brain Components The Secret Life of the Brain : 3-D Brain Anatomy Nerve Conduction

21. Hearing Sight Senses game Optical illusions Touch Your 5 Senses Taste Smell

22. Fascinating Facts About the Nervous System…. • If you placed all your nerves end to end, they would measure about 47 miles. • The longest nerve in your body is the sciatic nerve, which goes from the base of your spine to the bottom of your foot. • Nerves transmit information at a speed of nearly 250 miles per hour. • A single brain cell can be connected to as many as 25,000 other brain cells by means of neurons. • The more an activity is repeated, the quicker you become, because your brain produces branches off the brain cells, called dendrites, that remember what you have experienced.

23. More fascinating facts… • Most of your taste buds are on your tongue, but you also have some on your throat, on the inside of your cheeks, and on the roof of your mouth. • The catfish has over 175,000 taste buds. Humans have about 7500. Chickens have 24. • Humans have 10 million smell cells in their nasal cavities. Dogs have 200 million. • The smallest bones in your body are in your middle ear: the anvil, hammer and stirrup. • The human eye can distinguish over 6000 different colors, which are made using only the 3 primary colors plus black and white. • The largest organ in your body is your skin. An average adult’s skin weighs between 9 and 16 pounds. Your skin sheds about 30,000 cells per minute.

24. Reproductive System enables humans to reproduce Egg Fertilization simulation

25. Endocrine System • regulates many of the body’s processes ( including growth and development,mood, metabolismandsexual development) by means of chemical messengers called hormones.

26. Immune System  protects our body from disease and infection. macrophage destroying a cancer cell