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World War I

Explore the causes of World War I, the different battlefronts, the introduction of new weapons, the horrors of trench warfare, and the impact of the war on Europe. Learn about the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles, which shaped the post-war world.

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World War I

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  1. World War I War, and the End of an Era in Europe

  2. World War I Causes • Nationalism • Military alliances and planning • Colonial expansion • Arms Races • Assassination

  3. Battlefronts • Western Front -600 miles from English Channel to Swiss border • Eastern Front-1100 miles from Riga to the Black Sea • Southern Front-320 miles of the Italian border • Various locations in Africa, Asia, and the world’s oceans

  4. New Weapons • Machine gun • Airplane • Poison gas • Flamethrower • Submarine • Tank • Heavy Artillery

  5. 1914 • June 28 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand • July 28 Austria declared war on Serbia • Aug. 1 Germany declared war on Russia • 3rd Germany declared war on France • 4th Germany invaded Belgium • Britain declared war

  6. 1914 • Aug. 26 Battle of Tannenberg • Sept. 6-9 Battle of the Marne • Oct. 21-Nov. 17 First Battle of Ypres • Oct. 29 Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers • Dec. 24-25 Unofficial Christmas Truce

  7. Trench Warfare • No Man’s Land • Barbed Wire • Frontline trench • Support trench • Reserve trench • Long periods of boredom in squalid conditions • Shell Shock

  8. 1915 • Jan. 19 First Zeppelin raid on England • April 22-25 Second Ypres • Gallipoli landings begin; end in failure on Oct. 23 • May 17 Lusitania sunk • May 23 Italy joins Allies

  9. Air Warfare

  10. 1916 • Feb. 21-Dec. 18 Battle of Verdun • May 31-June 1 Battle of Jutland • July 1- Nov. 18 Battle of the Somme • July 29 Hindenburg appointed commander in chief of German forces • Sept. 15 Tanks employed on the Somme • Dec. 7 Lloyd George elected prime minister of Britain

  11. Verdun

  12. Jutland

  13. The Somme

  14. Cost of War 1916 • Verdun • France 550,000 • Germany 434,000 • The Somme • Britain 400,000 • France 200,000 • Germany 450,000

  15. 1917 • Feb. 1 Unrestricted submarine warfare resumed • Feb. 23 Germans withdraw to Hindenburg Line • March 1 Zimmermann Telegram • April 6 US joins Allies • April 29-May 20 French army mutiny

  16. Russian Revolution • March 12 1st Russian Revolution • March 15 Czar Nicolas II abdicated • July 31- Aug. 9 Last Russian offensive actions • Nov. 7 Bolsheviks seized power under V. I. Lenin • Dec. 15 Armistice • March 3, 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  17. 1917 • June 26 First US troops arrive • July 31- Nov. 10 Third Ypres “Passchendale”

  18. 1918 • Jan. 8 Wilson’s 14 Points • March 21 Michael Offensive • June 25 US troops capture Bellau Wood • July 15 Final German offensive of the war • July 21 US troops capture Chateau-Thierry

  19. 1918 • Aug. 8 British troops breakthrough on the Aisne River • Sept. 12 St. Mihiel Offensive • Sept. 26 – Nov. 11 Meuse-Argonne Offensive • Oct 30 Ottomans surrender • Nov. 3 Austrians surrender • Nov. 11 Armistice signed

  20. Casualties and Costs of War Britain 8,904,467 mobilized 908,371 deaths 2,090,212 wounded $51,000,000,000 France 8,410,000 mobilized 1,357,800 deaths 4,266,000 wounded $49,800,000,000 Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 deaths 4,950,000 wounded $25,600,000,000 United States 4,355,000 mobilized 50,585 deaths 205,690 wounded $ 32,300,000,000

  21. Casualties and Costs of War Germany 11,000,000 mobilized 1,808, 546 deaths 4,247,143 wounded $58,000,000,000 Austria 7,800,000 mobilized 922,500 deaths 3,620,000 wounded $23,000,000,000 Ottoman Empire 2,850,000 mobilized 325,000 deaths 400,000 wounded $3,400,000,000 Bulgaria 1,200,000 mobilized 75,844 deaths 152,390 wounded $1,000,000,000

  22. Casualties and Costs of War • Total Mobilization 65,038,810 • Total Deaths 14,663,413 • Total Wounded 21,228,813 • Total Cost $281,887,000,000,000 • Spanish Flu Epidemic killed an additional 20,000,000 people in 1918-1919

  23. Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the Treaty of Versailles • Germany lost all colonies • Alsace and Lorraine returned to France • Saar occupied for 15 years by League of Nations • Rhineland demilitarized • Poland created with corridor to the sea • German military limited to 100,000 troops with no air force, tanks, large warships, U-boats, general staff • Article 231 War Guilt Clause • War reparations of $33 billion (paid by 1987)`

  24. Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the Treaty of Versailles • Austria and Hungary seperated • Creation of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania • United States never ratified treaty, nor joined League of Nations

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