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Exploring Lophotrochozoa: Diversity of Polyzoa and Kryptozoa

Delve into the fascinating world of Lophotrochozoa's diverse phyla including Cycliphora, Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, and Nemertea. Discover the unique characteristics and evolutionary relationships of these animals, from circle-bearing organisms to ribbon worms.

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Exploring Lophotrochozoa: Diversity of Polyzoa and Kryptozoa

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  1. Chapter 9 Polyzoa and Kryptozoa Cycliphora, Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, and Nemertea

  2. Lophotrochozoa Phylum Cycliophora(“circle bearing”) Phylum Entoprocta(“inner anus”) Phylum Ectoprocta(“outer anus”) Phylum Brachiopoda (“arm foot”) Clade Brachiozoa (“arm animal”) Clade Platyzoa Phylum Phoronida(“nest bearing”) Clade Kryptrochozoa (“hidden wheel animal”) Phylum Nemertea (the nereids - “unerring one”)

  3. gut (endoderm) pseudocoel Muscle (mesoderm) internal organs ectoderm Pseudocoelomate Animals

  4. Phylum Cycliophora “circle bearer” Symbion pandora

  5. Phylum Entoprocta “within anus” Superficially resemble hydroid cnidarians & ectoprocts Mostly marine (one freshwater species) Phylogenetic relationship uncertain

  6. Phylum Ectoprocta “outer anus” The Bryozoans “moss animals” Colonial aquatic animals colony = collection of individuals zoecium = chamber containing one individual zooid = individual polypide = active/feeding part of body cystid = body wall & secreted case

  7. FRESHWATER BRYOZOANS MARINE BRYOZOANS

  8. Phylum Brachiopoda “arm foot” - lamp shells • Superficially resemble clams • Secrete two calcareous shell valves - dorsal/ventral valves • Lophophore located between the valves • Usually attached to substrate via pedicle • Separate sexes • Discharge gametes through nephridia!

  9. The Cambrian Explosion

  10. Phylum Phoronida

  11. Ph. Nemertea (ribbon worms) Similar to Platyhelminthes Except: • eversible proboscis • complete digestive tract • circulatory system • separate sexes

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