The Rise of Early Civilizations: Exploring History's Foundations

1. Social Environmental Economic Political Culture 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt

2. Where did the earliest civilizations tend to develop? a.Coastlines b.River valleys c.Grassland steppes d. Mountain Plateaus

3. b.River valleys

4. The period 8000BCE to 600CE saw all the following EXCEPT a. Use of gunpowder b. Urbanization c. Development of writing d. Origin of agriculture

5. a.Use of gunpoder

6. Which prominent Greek individual listed below was not part of a direct teacher-student relationship shared by the four others? Socrates Aristotle Herodotus Plato

7. c. Herodotus

8. Which choices place the developments associated with the Neolithic Revolution in the correct chronological order? Specialization of labor, social stratification, surplus food production Surplus food production, social stratification, specialization Social Stratification, specialization of labor, surplus food production Specialization of labor, surplus food production, social stratification

9. B. Surplus food production, Specialization in labor, Social stratification

10. Compared to other revolutions in which history, which feature of the Neolithic Revolution is most unusual? a. Altered gender roles and relations b. Attenuated unfolding over thousands years in diverse locales c. Impact on population growth d. Transformation of class relation

11. b. Attenuated unfolding over thousands years in diverse locales

12. Which of the following early river valley civilizations developed in the greatest state of isolation from others? • Tigris River • Euphrates River • Indus River • Huang He River

13. d.Huang He River

14. Which of the following was true for ALL of the early agricultural systems? a. Domestication of perennial plants in each region b. Wheat and barley cultivation c. Primary reliance on the pastoral forms of social organization d. Abandonment of sedentary agriculture

15. a. Domestication of perennial plants in each region

16. Which civilizations decline was the most likely due to drastic environmantal changes? a.Han b.Indus c.Egyptians d.Assyrian

17. b.Indus

18. Which of the following is the least intensive and sophisticated agricultural method ? • Irrigation • Terrace farming • Slash and burn • Three-field system

19. (c) Slash and Burn

20. The preponerance of evidence would suggest that human settlement reached which of the following regions most recently?a. South America b. Scandinavia c. India d. South Africa

21. a. South America

22. Which of the following pairings most accurately reflects existing trade connections in the Greco-Roman Era? Han-Roman Scandinavian-Greek Gupta-Greek Olmec-Greek

23. a. Han-Roman

24. The label “paleothic” sometimes serves as a subsitiute for which of the following? • 1.Bronze age • 2. Iron age . • 3. Stone age • 1 and 2 • 2 and 3 • 1 • 3

25. d. 3

26. All the following were important impacts of the rise of metalwork in the ancient world EXCEPT a. Metal arms revolutionized war fighting b. Specialized labor developed further c. Metal ships revolutionized trade and naval warfare d. Metallic coins facilitated trade

27. c. Metal ships revolutionized trade and naval warfare

28. Which of the following best describes the development of agriculture during the neolithic era? • It was a gradual process, arising independently in diverse regions and climatic conditions on the globe • It spread from the Americas across a land bridge to Asia and then to Europe • It was limited to China until the first millennium BCE • It genrally brought on lower population densities in the areas to which it spread

29. It was a gradual process, arising independently in diverse regions and climatic conditions on the globe

30. What economic effect did food surpluses have on early agricultural societies? • Hunting animals was eliminated as a source of food • A social hierarchy developed with peasants on the top • The first long-distance trade networks were established • Trade practices emerged with the capacity to feed artisans who then had time to practice craft specialization

31. Trade practices emerged with the capacity to feed artisans who then had time to practice craft specialization

32. Which of the following prominent Greeks exercised practical political leadership? • Aristole • Solon • Socrates • Euripides

33. Euripides

34. Confucianism, Hinduism, and Christianity had what in common ? a. They directed attention to the after life b. They helped to justify and preserve social inequality c. They stressed the value of warfare d. They incorporated a strong missionary drive

35. a. They directed attention to the after life

36. Which of the following political practices remained continuous from the period of the Republic into the period of the Roman Empire? • Dominant involvement of the plebian classes in state affairs • Primacy in a senate where state affairs were debated • Imperial military assistance for slave uprising • Recruitment of local elites in recently conquered areas to represent the interests of the imperial center

37. Recruitment of local elites in recently conquered areas to represent the interests of the imperial center

38. Which statement is most accurate regarding Jewish monotheism? a. It traces it origins to Abraham b. It appealed mainly to wealthier people c. It was spread by missionaries in the Ganges River valley d. It incorporated the idea of reincarnation

39. a. It traces it origins to Abraham

40. Hellenistic culture brought together the traditions of which of the following regions? • Mediterranean, Mesoamerican, sub-Saharan African • Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, Scandinavian • East Asian, South Asian, sub-Saharan African • Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, South Asian

41. Mediterranean, Mesoamerican, sub-Saharan African

42. Which pairs of rulers underwent a religious conversion process that had a broad based impact on the lands under their control? Julius Caesar and Shi Huangdi Hammurabi and and Julius Caesar Tutankhamen and Pericles Asoka and Constantine

43. d. Asoka and Constantine

44. What similarity did early Buddhism and early Christianity share? • Support of caste hierarchy • Requirement of total celibacy for men • Allowance f women to enter monastic life • Inclusion of Greek and Roman gods into their pantheon

45. Allowance f women to enter monastic life

46. Hellenistic culture epitomizes of the following historical forces or trends? • Cultural diffusion • Patriarchy • Egalitarianism • Democracy

47. Cultural diffusion

48. Which example from the classical world best characterizes the principle of cultural diffusion ? a. Preference for silk garments among the Roman elite b. Conversion of Asoka to Buddhism c. Sacking of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 CE d. Victory of Sparta in the Peloponnesian War

49. a. Preference for silk garments among the Roman elite

50. The order in which these empires or civilizations emerged was 1.Sumerian 2.Shang 3.Roman 4.Han A.1,2,3,4 B.1,2,4,3 C.4,3,2,1 D. 3,4,2,1